Asymptomatic Group A Streptococcus carriage in children with recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela P. Olivetti Pontin ◽  
Daniela Cristina Janolli Sanchez ◽  
Renata Di Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Perianal streptococcal disease in childhood: systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Gualtieri ◽  
Gabriel Bronz ◽  
Mario G. Bianchetti ◽  
Sebastiano A. G. Lava ◽  
Elena Giuliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
National Library ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Time To Diagnosis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
Defecation Disorders ◽  
Streptococcus A

AbstractGroup A Streptococcus has been associated with a perianal infection. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on childhood streptococcal perianitis in three databases: Excerpta Medica, National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science. The main purposes were to document the clinical features, the tendency to recur, the association with an asymptomatic streptococcal throat carriage, the accuracy of rapid streptococcal tests, and the mechanism possibly underlying the acquisition of this infection. More than 80% of cases are boys ≤7.0 years of age with defecation disorders, perianal pain, local itch, rectal bleeding, or fissure and a sharply demarcated perianal redness. Perianitis is associated with a streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in about every fifth case. The time to diagnosis is ≥3 weeks in 65% of cases. Recurrences occur within 3½ months in about 20% of cases. An asymptomatic group A streptococcal throat carriage occurs in 63% of cases. As compared with perianal Streptococcus A culture, the rapid streptococcal tests have a positive predictive value of 80% and a negative predictive value of 96%. It is hypothesized that digital inoculation from nasopharynx to anus underlies perianitis. Many cases are likely caused directly by children, who are throat and nasal carriers of Streptococcus A. Some cases might occur in children, who have their bottoms wiped by caregivers with streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis or carriage of Streptococcus.Conclusion: Perianitis is an infection with a distinctive presentation and a rather long time to diagnosis. There is a need for a wider awareness of this condition among healthcare professionals. What is Known:• Group A Streptococcus may cause perianitis in childhood.• Systemic antimicrobials (penicillin V, amoxycillin, or cefuroxime) are superior to topical treatment. What is New:• The clinical presentation is distinctive (defecation disorders, perianal pain, local itch, rectal bleeding, or fissure and a sharply demarcated perianal redness).• The time to diagnosis is usually ≥3 weeks.Recurrences occur in about 20% of cases.

scholarly journals Evidence that recurrent Group A streptococcus tonsillitis is an immunosusceptibility disease involving antibody deficiency and aberrant Tfh cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Dan ◽  
Colin Havenar-Daughton ◽  
Kayla Kendric ◽  
Kirti Kaushik ◽  
Sandy L. Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Recurrent Group ◽  
Childhood Disease ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Tfh Cells ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Group A

One Sentence SummaryRecurrent tonsillitis is a multifactorial disease associated with an aberrant tonsillar germinal center response to Group A Streptococcus.ABSTRACTRecurrent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) tonsillitis (RT) is a common indication for pediatric tonsillectomy. ‘Strep throat’ is highly prevalent among children; yet, it is unknown why some children develop RT. To gain insights into this classic childhood disease, we performed phenotypic, genotypic, and functional studies on pediatric GAS RT and non-RT tonsils. We observed significantly smaller germinal centers in GAS RT tonsils, and underrepresentation of GAS-specific germinal center follicular helper (GC Tfh) CD4+T cells. RT children exhibited reduced antibody responses to GAS virulence factor SpeA. Risk and protective HLA Class II alleles for RT were identified. Finally, SpeA induced granzyme B+GC Tfh cells in RT tonsils that had capacity to kill B cells. Together, these observations suggest that RT susceptibility can occur due to genetic differences that can result in aberrant GC Tfh cells and poor antibody responses to GAS SpeA.

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene (TLR4), but NotTLR2, Polymorphisms Modify the Risk of Tonsillar Disease Due toStreptococcus pyogenesandHaemophilus influenzae

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Liadaki ◽  
Efthimia Petinaki ◽  
Charalampos Skoulakis ◽  
Paraskeui Tsirevelou ◽  
Dimitra Klapsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Group A

ABSTRACTTonsillar disease (recurrent tonsillitis and/or tonsillar hypertrophy) is one of the most common human disorders, withStreptococcus pyogenes(group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus [GAS]) andHaemophilus influenzaerepresenting the most common pathogens. Until now, no study has investigated why some individuals are more susceptible to tonsillar infections caused by specific bacteria than others. The aim of this study was to uncover possible associations between common Toll-like receptor gene (TLR) polymorphisms and tonsillar disease. TheTLR2-R753Q,TLR4-D299G, andTLR4-T399I polymorphisms were determined in a cohort of 327 patients subjected to tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis (n= 245) and tonsillar hypertrophy (n= 82) and 245 healthy bone marrow donors. Associations of the aforementioned polymorphisms with the isolated bacterial strains after tonsillectomy were also investigated. Interestingly, carriers of theTLR4polymorphisms displayed an approximately 3-fold increased risk for GAS infections (forTLR4-D299G, odds ratio [OR] = 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 6.79,P= 0.038; forTLR4-T399I, OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.29 to 7.02,P= 0.023), and this association was more profound in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. On the contrary, the presence of theTLR4-T399I polymorphism was associated with a 2-fold decreased risk ofHaemophilus influenzaecarriage (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.96,P= 0.038). In the end, no significant differences were observed, considering the genotype and allele frequencies of the above-mentioned polymorphisms, between patients and controls. Our findings indicate that, regarding tonsillar infections,TLR4polymorphisms predispose individuals to GAS infection, while they are protective againstHaemophilus influenzaeinfection. This result further elucidates the role that host immune genetic variations might play in the susceptibility to common infections and tonsillar disease.

Etiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnostics, pathogenesis of impetigo and treatment methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Laknitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Individual

Currently, one of the priority medical and social problems is the optimization of treatment methods for pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes — group A streptococcus (GAS). To date, the proportion of pyoderma, the etiological factor of which is Streptococcus pyogenes, is about 6 % of all skin diseases and is in the range from 17.9 to 43.9 % of all dermatoses. Role of the bacterial factor in the development of streptococcal pyoderma is obvious. Traditional treatment complex includes antibacterial drugs selected individually, taking into account the antibiotic sensitivity of pathognomonic bacteria, and it is not always effective. Currently implemented immunocorrection methods often do not take into account specific immunological features of the disease, the individual, and the fact that the skin performs the function of not only a mechanical barrier, but it is also an immunocompetent organ. Such an approach makes it necessary to conduct additional studies clarifying the role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity, intercellular mediators and antioxidant defense system, that allow to optimize the treatment of this pathology.

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