Mismatch Negativity in children with Phonological Disorders

My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.

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Structural Aspects of Phonological Development

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1901.05 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 5-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Karen E. Pollock ◽

Richard G. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Clinical Management ◽

Structural Complexity ◽

Strong Preference ◽

Phonological Development ◽

Structural Position ◽

Phonological Disorders ◽

Syllabic Structure ◽

The Relationship ◽

Structural Aspects ◽

Target Words

The relationship between syllabic structure and segmental development was examined longitudinally in a child with a severe phonological disorder. Six speech samples were collected over a 4-year period (3:5 to 7:3). Analyses revealed gradual increases in the complexity and diversity of the syllable structures produced, and positional preferences for sounds within these forms. With a strong preference for [d] and [n] at the beginning of syllables, other consonants appeared first at the end of syllables. Implications for clinical management of phonological disorders include the need to consider both structural position and structural complexity in assessing segmental skills and in choosing target words for intervention.

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Musical Experience Shapes Neural Processing

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

Wido Nager ◽

Tilla Franke ◽

Tobias Wagner-Altendorf ◽

Eckart Altenmüller ◽

Thomas F. Münte

Keyword(s):

Mismatch Negativity ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Musical Instrument ◽

Active Listening ◽

Musical Experience ◽

Neural Processing ◽

Neural Adaptations

Abstract. Playing a musical instrument professionally has been shown to lead to structural and functional neural adaptations, making musicians valuable subjects for neuroplasticity research. Here, we follow the hypothesis that specific musical demands further shape neural processing. To test this assumption, we subjected groups of professional drummers, professional woodwind players, and nonmusicians to pure tone sequences and drum sequences in which infrequent anticipations of tones or drum beats had been inserted. Passively listening to these sequences elicited a mismatch negativity to the temporally deviant stimuli which was greater in the musicians for tone series and particularly large for drummers for drum sequences. In active listening conditions drummers more accurately and more quickly detected temporally deviant stimuli.

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Effects of Experimentally Induced Pain on Mismatch Negativity

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.20.1.21 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bruce D. Dick ◽

John F. Connolly ◽

Michael E. Houlihan ◽

Patrick J. McGrath ◽

G. Allen Finley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Mismatch Negativity ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Disruptive Effect ◽

Ischemic Pain ◽

Active Attention ◽

Early Processing ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Healthy Participants ◽

Experimentally Induced

Abstract: Previous research has found that pain can exert a disruptive effect on cognitive processing. This experiment was conducted to extend previous research with participants with chronic pain. This report examines pain's effects on early processing of auditory stimulus differences using the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in healthy participants while they experienced experimentally induced pain. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded using target and standard tones whose pitch differences were easy- or difficult-to-detect in conditions where participants attended to (active attention) or ignored (passive attention) the stimuli. Both attention manipulations were conducted in no pain and pain conditions. Experimentally induced ischemic pain did not disrupt the MMN. However, MMN amplitudes were larger to difficult-to-detect deviant tones during painful stimulation when they were attended than when they were ignored. Also, MMN amplitudes were larger to the difficult- than to the easy-to-detect tones in the active attention condition regardless of pain condition. It appears that rather than exerting a disruptive effect, the presence of experimentally induced pain enhanced early processing of small stimulus differences in these healthy participants.

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Human Event-Related Potentials to Higher-Order Acoustic Spatial Changes

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027//0269-8803.16.2.114 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 114-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Timo Ruusuvirta ◽

Heikki Hämäläinen

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Mismatch Negativity ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Free Field ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Negative Polarity ◽

Positive Polarity ◽

Spatial Changes ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Human Event

Abstract Human event-related potentials (ERPs) to a tone continuously alternating between its two spatial loci of origin (middle-standards, left-standards), to repetitions of left-standards (oddball-deviants), and to the tones originally representing these repetitions presented alone (alone-deviants) were recorded in free-field conditions. During the recordings (Fz, Cz, Pz, M1, and M2 referenced to nose), the subjects watched a silent movie. Oddball-deviants elicited a spatially diffuse two-peaked deflection of positive polarity. It differed from a deflection elicited by left-standards and commenced earlier than a prominent deflection of negative polarity (N1) elicited by alone-deviants. The results are discussed in the context of the mismatch negativity (MMN) and previous findings of dissociation between spatial and non-spatial information in auditory working memory.

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The Involuntary Capture of Attention by Sound

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 68-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Fabrice B. R. Parmentier ◽

Pilar Andrés

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Mismatch Negativity ◽

Visual Task ◽

The Novel ◽

Auditory Oddball ◽

Current Trial ◽

Electrophysiological Responses ◽

Electrophysiological Studies ◽

The Cross ◽

Task Sets

The presentation of auditory oddball stimuli (novels) among otherwise repeated sounds (standards) triggers a well-identified chain of electrophysiological responses: The detection of acoustic change (mismatch negativity), the involuntary orientation of attention to (P3a) and its reorientation from the novel. Behaviorally, novels reduce performance in an unrelated visual task (novelty distraction). Past studies of the cross-modal capture of attention by acoustic novelty have typically discarded from their analysis the data from the standard trials immediately following a novel, despite some evidence in mono-modal oddball tasks of distraction extending beyond the presentation of deviants/novels (postnovelty distraction). The present study measured novelty and postnovelty distraction and examined the hypothesis that both types of distraction may be underpinned by common frontally-related processes by comparing young and older adults. Our data establish that novels delayed responses not only on the current trial and but also on the subsequent standard trial. Both of these effects increased with age. We argue that both types of distraction relate to the reconfiguration of task-sets and discuss this contention in relation to recent electrophysiological studies.

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