scholarly journals The role of intolerance of uncertainty in classical threat conditioning: Recent developments and directions for future research

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Jayne Morriss ◽  
Daniel V. Zuj ◽  
Gaëtan Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals The role of intolerance of uncertainty in classical threat conditioning: Recent developments and directions for future research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Morriss ◽  
Daniel Zuj ◽  
Gaëtan Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Learned Fear ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), the tendency to find uncertainty aversive, is an important transdiagnostic dimension in mental health disorders. Over the last decade, there has been a surge of research on the role of IU in classical threat conditioning procedures, which serve as analogues to the development, treatment, and relapse of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. This review provides an overview of the existing literature on IU in classical threat conditioning procedures. The review integrates findings based on the shared or discrete parameters of uncertainty embedded within classical threat conditioning procedures. Under periods of unexpected uncertainty, where threat and safety contingencies change, high IU, over other self-reported measures of anxiety, is specifically associated with poorer threat extinction learning and retention, as well as overgeneralisation. Under periods of estimation and expected uncertainty, where the parameters of uncertainty are being learned or have been learned, such as threat acquisition training and avoidance learning, the findings are mixed for IU. These findings provide evidence that individual differences in IU play a significant role in maintaining learned fear and anxiety, particularly under volatile environments. Recommendations for future research are outlined, with discussion focusing on how parameters of uncertainty can be better defined to capture how IU is involved in the maintenance of learned fear and anxiety. Such work will be crucial for understanding the role of IU in neurobiological models of uncertainty-based maintenance of fear and anxiety and inform translational work aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of relevant psychopathology.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Analytics Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19: An Insightful Review of Recent Developments

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Seong Oun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

This paper presents the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and other latest technologies that were employed to fight the recent pandemic (i.e., novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)). These technologies assisted the early detection/diagnosis, trends analysis, intervention planning, healthcare burden forecasting, comorbidity analysis, and mitigation and control, to name a few. The key-enablers of these technologies was data that was obtained from heterogeneous sources (i.e., social networks (SN), internet of (medical) things (IoT/IoMT), cellular networks, transport usage, epidemiological investigations, and other digital/sensing platforms). To this end, we provide an insightful overview of the role of data-driven analytics leveraging AI in the era of COVID-19. Specifically, we discuss major services that AI can provide in the context of COVID-19 pandemic based on six grounds, (i) AI role in seven different epidemic containment strategies (a.k.a non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)), (ii) AI role in data life cycle phases employed to control pandemic via digital solutions, (iii) AI role in performing analytics on heterogeneous types of data stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, (iv) AI role in the healthcare sector in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, (v) general-purpose applications of AI in COVID-19 era, and (vi) AI role in drug design and repurposing (e.g., iteratively aligning protein spikes and applying three/four-fold symmetry to yield a low-resolution candidate template) against COVID-19. Further, we discuss the challenges involved in applying AI to the available data and privacy issues that can arise from personal data transitioning into cyberspace. We also provide a concise overview of other latest technologies that were increasingly applied to limit the spread of the ongoing pandemic. Finally, we discuss the avenues of future research in the respective area. This insightful review aims to highlight existing AI-based technological developments and future research dynamics in this area.

scholarly journals Whether Audit Committee Financial Expertise Is the Only Relevant Expertise: A Review of Audit Committee Expertise and Timeliness of Financial Reporting

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rabea Baatwah ◽  
Zalailah Salleh ◽  
Norsiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Committee Chair ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Financial Expertise ◽  
Recent Developments

This study reviews the literature on audit committee expertise and financial reporting timeliness. Financial reporting timeliness and audit committee expertise are two areas of research gaining the attention of a large number of stakeholders because they contribute to the reliability and the  relevancy of financial reporting. Indeed, the focus of this review is primarily on the recent developments in the pertinent literature in order to show the limitations of such research and encourage future research to overcome these limitations. By also looking at the development of the audit committee expertise literature, this study concludes that (1) like most audit committee literature, financial reporting timeliness literature continues to assume the absence of the contribution of expertise other than financial expertise, and ignore the role of audit committee chair; (2) most of this literature fails to find a significant effect because it ignores the interaction among corporate governance mechanisms. Accordingly, this study posits that ignoring the issues raised in such research by future research would lead to major mistakes in reforms relating to how the quality of financial reporting can be enhanced.

A review of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and threat appraisal in anxiety

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Milne ◽  
C. Lomax ◽  
M. H. Freeston
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Threat Appraisal ◽  
List Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Abstract The development and conceptual relationship of the constructs of threat appraisal (TA) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) are explored in the context of anxiety disorders. A narrative review tracking the development of these constructs and their relationship is undertaken. There is some evidence to suggest that the interaction between the components of threat appraisal (probability × cost) may partially account for or provide a theoretical framework which explains presenting levels of anxiety. Furthermore, research suggested that IU is a construct which contributes to a broad range of anxiety disorders. It was concluded that distinctive cognitive biases linked with IU – such as interpreting ambiguous and uncertain (both positive and negative) information as highly concerning – suggests that IU is interpreted negatively independent of threat appraisal. These findings mean a number of issues remain unclear, including whether IU in anxiety-provoking situations is sufficient in itself – independent of threat appraisal – in eliciting high levels of anxiety. Additionally, it is unclear whether threat appraisal and IU act as independent constructs, or more in an interactive manner in anxiety. To achieve further clarity on these issues, methodological recommendations for future research are made. Key learning aims (1) To understand the conceptual foundations of TA and IU in the cognitive model of anxiety. (2) To understand the empirical evidence supporting the role of both TA and IU in anxiety. (3) To appreciate the potential relationship between these concepts in anxiety.

Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Personal Networks ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Research Findings

Family, friendship and community networks underlie much of the recent migration to industrial nations. Current interest in these networks accompany the development of a migration system perspective and the growing awareness of the macro and micro determinants of migration. This article presents an overview of research findings on the determinants and consequences of personal networks. In addition, it calls for greater specification of the role of networks in migration research and for the inclusion of women in future research.

Social and spatial networks in labour markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Topa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Abstract Social connections and referrals are ubiquitous in the labour market, both on the job-seeker side and on the employer side. This article reviews recent developments in the study of referrals, highlighting what we have learned regarding the use and impact of referrals on various labour market outcomes and pointing out the increasingly nuanced picture we are gaining on the effects of referrals. It then discusses directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of using newly available data (and combinations of datasets) and of making tighter connections with the burgeoning macro-labour research that is based on a search and matching framework. Finally, it evaluates the role of referrals from the point of view of policy-makers, discussing their social welfare implications and ways in which they could be explicitly incorporated into various labour market policies. The importance of tighter collaboration between policy-makers, researchers, employers and practitioners is stressed, to conduct more rigorous experimentation and evaluation of potential referral-based policies and programmes.

Decision Making in Child and Family Welfare: The Role of Tools and Practice Frameworks

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Gillingham ◽  
Paul Harnett ◽  
Karen Healy ◽  
Debby Lynch ◽  
Marion Tower
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Practice Framework

In this article, the findings of research that had, as one aim, the exploration of the role of decision-making tools and practice frameworks in supporting the decision making of practitioners working with children and families in non-government agencies in Queensland are presented. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 frontline practitioners in three agencies in five different locations. A general finding was that practitioners used a range of different tools and frameworks and found them supportive. The pertinence of these findings is discussed in relation to recent developments in the provision of services for children and families in Queensland, namely the new funding of non-government agencies to provide early intervention supportive services to children and families and the implementation of a single practice framework to guide practice across the sector. Areas for future research in Queensland are identified to further investigate the role of tools in frontline practice with children and families and which may also contribute to debates more broadly about the development and implementation of practice frameworks to support practitioners.

Update on the aetiopathogenesis of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Smith ◽  
K. Hayashi ◽  
E. J. Comerford
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Femoral Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease

SummaryCranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is the most common cause of hindlimb lameness in the dog, being associated with and eventually leading to stifle osteoarthritis. Canine cranial cruciate ligament disease is a gradual degeneration of the ligament extra-cellular matrix (ECM) leading to ligament rupture. The aetiopathogenesis of this condition is still poorly understood but several risk factors have been identified such as breed, bodyweight, gender and conformation. Recent developments in this area include the role of genetics, stifle joint conformation, ligament ECM metabolism, and inflammation associated with immune-mediated disease within the stifle joint. A genetic mode of inheritance has been demonstrated in the Newfoundland which is predisposed to CCLD. Increased cellular metabolism within the cranial cruciate ligament has been directly associated with increased craniocaudal stifle joint laxity in dog breeds at high risk of CCLD. Conformation abnormalities, such as a narrowed distal femoral intercondylar notch, in high risk breeds have been shown to be associated with alterations in cranial cruciate ligament ultrastructure. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines, such as cathepsins and interleukins, by the stifle synovial cells may occur secondary to or may be an inciting cause of ligament degeneration. Future research endeavours will focus on the association between immune-mediated response and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia and matrix degradation within the cranial cruciate ligament, and whether this can be altered in all susceptible dogs or only certain breeds.

Sustainable Energy through Carbon Capture and Storage: Role of Geo-Modeling Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malti Goel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Storage

The technology for CO2 sequestration is developing fast and a lot of activity to launch pilot and demonstration projects in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is taking place internationally. The technologies are large-scale and their sustainability is dependent on cost, reliability and acceptability. Geo-modeling has an important role to play in assessing the potential and feasibility. This paper describes recent developments in CCS technology, examines the various options for CO2 fixation and the possible role of geo-modeling studies. We present issues and challenges in modeling and monitoring studies in CO2 fixation and provide glimpses of current research in India. Future research needs are discussed.

Role of Extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease: Current Advances

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Potential Use

: The recent developments in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) point to their potential use for predicting and treating neurodegenerative diseases. This reviews focusses on the importance and latest advances in this field especially with respect to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increasing evidence show that progression of amyloid-beta and tau brain pathology is correlated to the cognitive decline associated with AD. Lot of experimental data suggests involvement of EVs with these processes for instance EVs are known to circulate the misfolded proteins involved in AD. The currently available information on role of EVs in neurodegenerative disorder especially in AD and have also presented the knowledge gaps on which future research efforts should be focused.The recent developments in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) point to their potential use for predicting and treating neurodegenerative diseases. This reviews focusses on the importance and latest advances in this field especially with respect to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increasing evidence show that progression of amyloid-beta and tau brain pathology is correlated to the cognitive decline associated with AD. Lot of experimental data suggests involvement of EVs with these processes for instance EVs are known to circulate the misfolded proteins involved in AD. The currently available information on role of EVs in neurodegenerative disorder especially in AD and have also presented the knowledge gaps on which future research efforts should be focused.

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