scholarly journals The Effect of Reward Motivation on Cognitive Control in Cooperative and Competitive Situations: An ERP Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S113
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Chunlei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Reward Motivation

scholarly journals The cognitive effects of a promised bonus do not depend on dopamine synthesis capacity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieke Hofmans ◽  
Ruben van den Bosch ◽  
Jessica I. Määttä ◽  
Robbert-Jan Verkes ◽  
Esther Aarts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Stroop Paradigm ◽  
Reward Motivation ◽  
Reward Effects

ABSTRACTReward motivation is known to enhance cognitive control. However, detrimental effects have also been observed, which have been attributed to overdosing of already high baseline dopamine levels by further dopamine increases elicited by reward cues. Aarts et al. (2014) indeed demonstrated, in 14 individuals, that reward effects depended on striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, measured with [18F]FMT-PET: promised reward improved Stroop control in low-dopamine individuals, while impairing it in high-dopamine individuals. Here, we aimed to assess this same effect in 44 new participants, who had previously undergone an [18F]DOPA-PET scan to quantify dopamine synthesis capacity. This sample performed the exact same rewarded Stroop paradigm as in the prior study. However, we did not find any correlation between reward effects on cognitive control and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. The discrepancy between the current and our previous findings might reflect the use of different radiotracers for indexing dopamine synthesis capacity.STATEMENT OF RELEVANCEReward motivation is generally thought to enhance cognitive control, but paradoxical negative effects of rewards on cognitive control have also been observed. A previous PET study demonstrated that reward effects on Stroop control depended on baseline striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, indexed by uptake of the radiotracer [18F]FMT. The sample size is this study was very small for a between-subject correlational design. Replicating the exact same Stroop paradigm within a larger sample is therefore crucial to robustly establish the mechanistic link between incentive motivation and cognitive control and advancing our understanding of who chokes under pressure and why, a topic of great societal relevance today. The present study did not reveal any correlation between reward effects on cognitive control and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, indexed with [18F]FDOPA-PET. Future studies might consider putative differential sensitivity of the radiotracer [18F]FMT and [18F]FDOPA, while also addressing other indices of dopamine transmission.

scholarly journals The cognitive effects of a promised bonus do not depend on dopamine synthesis capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieke Hofmans ◽  
Ruben van den Bosch ◽  
Jessica I. Määttä ◽  
Robbert-Jan Verkes ◽  
Esther Aarts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
High Baseline ◽  
Stroop Paradigm ◽  
Reward Motivation ◽  
Reward Effects

Abstract Reward motivation is known to enhance cognitive control. However, detrimental effects have also been observed, which have been attributed to overdosing of already high baseline dopamine levels by further dopamine increases elicited by reward cues. Aarts et al. (2014) indeed demonstrated, in 14 individuals, that reward effects depended on striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, measured with [18F]FMT-PET: promised reward improved Stroop control in low-dopamine individuals, while impairing it in high-dopamine individuals. Here, we aimed to assess this same effect in 44 new participants, who had previously undergone an [18F]DOPA-PET scan to quantify dopamine synthesis capacity. This sample performed the exact same rewarded Stroop paradigm as in the prior study. However, we did not find any correlation between reward effects on cognitive control and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Critical differences between the radiotracers [18F]DOPA and [18F]FMT are discussed, as the discrepancy between the current and our previous findings might reflect the use of the potentially less sensitive [18F]DOPA radiotracer in the current study.

scholarly journals Нейрофизиологические механизмы аддиктивного поведения и употребления психоактивных веществ в подростковом возрасте: возможности профилактики и терапии

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Antsiborov ◽  
O.V. Kamplitskaya ◽  
M.V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
K.V. Stadnik ◽  
L.F. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Reward Motivation

Поведенческие аддикции подростков, включающие употребление психоактивных веществ, являются одними из основных проблем здравоохранения большинства стран мира, в том числе России. Подростковый возраст - это период динамичных физиологических, психологических, и поведенческих изменений. Данный период также связан с повышенным риском употребления психоактивных веществ, и формированием различных аддиктивных расстройств. В подростковом возрасте происходящие изменения в нейронных системах вознаграждения, мотивации, когнитивного контроля и сопротивления стрессовым воздействиям способствуют формированию повышенного риска употреблении различных психоактивных веществ, и нехимических вариантов аддиктивной патологии. Современные патофизиологические модели возникновения аддиктивной патологии в подростковом возрасте включают данные о аллостатических изменениях функций и структуры дофаминергической системы среднего мозга, нейропластичности, связанной со стрессом, и нарушениии баланса между когнитивным контролем и процессами в системе вознаграждения. Результаты генетических и эпигенетических исследований, изучение промежуточных фенотипов / эндофенотипов могут помочь в изучении детей и подростков, входящих в группу риска возникновения аддиктивных расстройств.The use of psychoactive substances as a part of behavioral addictions of adolescents is a medical issue in most of countries all over the world, including Russia. Adolescence is a period of dynamic physiological, psychological, and behavioral changes. This period is also associated with increased risk of substance abuse and formation of various addictive disorders. In adolescence, changes in neural systems of reward, motivation, cognitive control, and resistance to stress contribute to increased risk of using various psychoactive substances and of non-chemical variants of addictive pathology. Current pathophysiological models of addictive pathology in adolescence include data on allostatic changes in functions and structure of the mid-brain dopaminergic system, neuroplasticity related with stress, and imbalance between cognitive control and processes in the reward system. Results of genetic and epigenetic studies and investigation of intermediate phenotypes / endophenotypes can help to study children and adolescents at risk of addictive disorders.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Daily Experiences of Commuting Strain and Self-Control at Work and at Home

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Bettina S. Wiese ◽  
Olivia Chaillié ◽  
Ruth Noppeney ◽  
Anna M. Stertz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
At Home

Abstract. The study investigates how commuting strain affects daily self-control capacities at work and at home. Irritability (i.e., increased readiness to express negative emotions when facing frustration) and concentration (i.e., a cognitive control capacity that relies on attention) were used as indicators of (impaired) self-control. Based on 5-day diary data from N = 185 train commuters, we found that on days with a strenuous ride from home to work, commuters indicated higher irritability and lower concentration capacity at work. On days with higher strain during the work-to-home ride, commuters reported to be more irritable back home. Moreover, commuters with low emotional stability turned out to be more affected by commuting strain but only if considering self-control impairment at home.

Do Young Children Modulate Their Cognitive Control?

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Ambrosi ◽  
Patrick Lemaire ◽  
Agnès Blaye
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Stroop Tasks ◽  
And Task

Abstract. Dynamic, trial-by-trial modulations of inhibitory control are well documented in adults but rarely investigated in children. Here, we examined whether 5-to-7 year-old children, an age range when inhibitory control is still partially immature, achieve such modulations. Fifty three children took flanker, Simon, and Stroop tasks. Above and beyond classic congruency effects, the present results showed two crucial findings. First, we found evidence for sequential modulations of congruency effects in these young children in the three conflict tasks. Second, our results showed both task specificities and task commonalities. These findings in young children have important implications as they suggest that, to be modulated, inhibitory control does not require full maturation and that the precise pattern of trial-by-trial modulations may depend on the nature of conflict.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

A Review of the Role of Cue Processing in Task Switching

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Jost ◽  
Wouter De Baene ◽  
Iring Koch ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Task Switch ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Cue Encoding ◽  
Cue Processing

The role of cue processing has become a controversial topic in research on cognitive control using task-switching procedures. Some authors suggested a priming account to explain switch costs as a form of encoding benefit when the cue from the previous trial is repeated and hence challenged theories that attribute task-switch costs to task-set (re)configuration. A rich body of empirical evidence has evolved that indeed shows that cue-encoding repetition priming is an important component in task switching. However, these studies also demonstrate that there are usually substantial “true” task-switch costs. Here, we review this behavioral, electrophysiological, and brain imaging evidence. Moreover, we describe alternative approaches to the explicit task-cuing procedure, such as the usage of transition cues or the task-span procedure. In addition, we address issues related to the type of cue, such as cue transparency. We also discuss methodological and theoretical implications and argue that the explicit task-cuing procedure is suitable to address issues of cognitive control and task-set switching.

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