Application of UAV-based orthomosaics for determination of horizontal displacement caused by underground mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 282-303
Author(s):  
Edyta Puniach ◽  
Wojciech Gruszczyński ◽  
Paweł Ćwiąkała ◽  
Wojciech Matwij
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Horizontal Displacement

MINING-INDUCED SURFACE HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT: THE CASE OF BW PROSPER HANIEL MINE / ANALIZA PRZEMIESZCZEŃ POZIOMYCH POWIERZCHNI TERENU WYWOŁANYCH PODZIEMNĄ EKSPLOATACJĄ GÓRNICZĄ NA PRZYKŁADZIE KOPALNI BW PROSPER HANIEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Tajduś
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Complex Study ◽  
Displacement Factor ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Abstract The paper presents a wide-ranged analysis of horizontal displacements in the region of underground mining exploitation. Initially, various theories pertaining to the determination of mining-induced horizontal displacement are discussed, followed by a complex study on horizontal displacements measured for a selected example region of the German coal mine BW Prosper Haniel, as well as the determination of displacement factor B.

The Nature of Mining-Induced Horizontal Displacement of Surface on the Example of Several Coal Mines

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Tajduś
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Proportionality Coefficient ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Displacement Vectors ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract The paper presents the analysis of the phenomenon of horizontal displacement of surface induced by underground mining exploitation. In the initial part, the basic theories describing horizontal displacement are discussed, followed by three illustrative examples of underground exploitation in varied mining conditions. It is argued that center of gravity (COG) method presented in the paper, hypothesis of Awierszyn and model studies carried out in Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences indicate the proportionality between vectors of horizontal displacement and the vector of surface slope. The differences practically relate to the value of proportionality coefficient B, whose estimated values in currently realized design projects for mining industry range between 0.23r to 0.42r for deep exploitations, whereas in the present article the values of 0.33r and 0.47r were obtained for two instances of shallow exploitation. Furthermore, observations on changes of horizontal displacement vectors with face advancement indicated the possibility of existence of COG zones above the mined-out field, which proved the conclusions of hitherto carried out research studies (Tajduś 2013).

scholarly journals Determination of the Ultimate Underground Mining Depth considering the Effect of Granular Rock and the Range of Surface Caving

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rongxing He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Delin Song ◽  
Fengyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Depth

Continuous mining of metal deposits leads the overlying strata to move, deform, and collapse, which is particularly obvious when open-pit mining and underground mining are adjacent. Once the mining depth of the adjacent open-pit lags severely behind the underground, the ultimate underground mining depth needs to be studied before the surface deformation extends to the open-pit mining area. The numerical simulation and the mechanical model are applied to research the ultimate underground mining depth of the southeast mining area in the Gongchangling Iron mine. In the numerical simulation, the effect of granular rock is considered and the granular rock in the collapse pit is simplified as the degraded rock mass. The ultimate underground mining depth can be obtained by the values of the indicators of surface movement and deformation. In the mechanical model, the modified mechanical model for the progressive hanging wall caving is established based on Hoke’s conclusion, which considers the lateral pressure of the granular rock. Using the limiting equilibrium analysis, the relationship of the ultimate underground mining depth and the range of surface caving can be derived. The results show that the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the numerical simulation is greater than the theoretical calculation of the modified mechanical model. The reason for this difference may be related to the assumption of the granular rock in the numerical simulation, which increases the resistance of granular rock to the deformation of rock mass. Therefore, the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the theoretical calculation is suggested. Meanwhile, the surface displacement monitoring is implemented to verify the reasonability of the ultimate underground mining depth. Monitoring results show that the indicators of surface deformation are below the critical value of dangerous movement when the underground is mined to the ultimate mining depth. The practice proves that the determination of the ultimate underground mining depth in this work can ensure the safety of the open-pit and underground synergetic mining.

scholarly journals Classical Measurement Methods and Laser Scanning Usage in Shaft Hoist Assembly Inventory

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jaśkowski ◽  
Tomasz Lipecki ◽  
Wojciech Matwij ◽  
Mateusz Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Mining Plant ◽  
Geometrical Relationships

The shaft hoist assembly is the base of underground mining plant. Its efficiency and correct operation is subject to restrictive legal regulations and is controlled on a daily visual assessment by shaft crew and energomechanics. In addition, in the regular interval, the shaft hoist assembly is subject to a thorough inventory, which includes the determination of the geometrical relationships between the hoisting machine, the headframe and the shaft with its housing. Inventory measurements for shaft and headframe are used for years of conventional geodetic methods including mechanical or laser plumbing and tachymetric surveys. Additional precision levelling is also used for measuring shafts of hoisting machines and rope pulleys. Continuous modernization of measuring technology makes it possible to implement the further methods to the above mentioned purposes. The comparison of the accuracy and the economics of performing measurements based on many years of experience with comprehensive inventory of shaft hoist assembly using various research techniques was made and detailed in the article.

Application of multipole moments and magnetic techniques for determination of tokamak plasma shift

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salar Elahi ◽  
M. Ghoranneviss
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Column ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Plasma Boundary ◽  
Tokamak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Current ◽  
Multipole Moments ◽  
Field Coil ◽  
Vertical Field ◽  
Magnetic Techniques

AbstractIn this contribution, we presented approaches for the determination of tokamak plasma column shift based on multipole moments and magnetic techniques. First, we presented analytical details for using this technique. Then, the principle of different models based on this technique for the design and fabrication of six coils will be presented: four modified Rogowski coils (two cosine coils and two sine coils) and two saddle coils (saddle sine coil and saddle cosine coil). Also, to compare the results, the flux loops technique is used. Because of continuous measurements of magnetic field distribution around the tokamak plasma using multipole coils, this technique gives us more reliable information about the plasma current displacement. Moreover, we deduced the plasma current and plasma boundary centers shift using the two semi-empirical techniques in the IR-T1 tokamak. First, the plasma current center is calculated from the vertical field coil characteristics. The calculation is made focusing on the vertical field coil current and voltage changes due to a horizontal displacement of the plasma column. Also, the plasma boundary center shift was measured from the external magnetic coils. The results from these two techniques are compared and discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Wastes and Sewage Water from Mining Industry by Chromato-Mass Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
N.V. Zhuravlyova ◽  
R.R. Potokina ◽  
Z.R. Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Hazard Class

A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in  geoenvironmental subjects by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection was proposed. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in wastes and sewage water samples from mining plants was studied. The presence of this compound in surface water was established. Other nitrogen-containing compounds, in particular, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and<br />2,4,-dinitrotoluene, were also identified in the studied samples.<br />The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most important shattering explosive used for blasting out. This compound is highly toxic and stable to biodegradation. The TNT belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous); its maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in drinking water sources was strongly restricted, from 0.5 to 0.01 mg/L. A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in surface water, sewage water and wastes by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection has been developed. The TNT calibration curve was shown to be linear over the concentration range of 1.6-160 μg/mL, and the correlation factor of the line was equal to 0.997. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in sewage water and wastes from mining plants has been studied. Mine water in the case of underground mining has high TNT concentrations, which cannot be decreased by the existing traditional methods of sewage water treatment. TNT is detected also in surface water after mine water disposal. Note that the TNT concentrations can exceed many times the maximum permissible concentrations prescribed for water works system.<br />2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,-dinitrotoluene, which can be considered as products of TNT metabolism, were also identified in the studied samples. The developed method and results of the present study make it possible to introduce the quantitative<br />determination of TNT and its metabolites into the programs for monitoring of surface water, sewage water and wastes in the mining plant sites in different countries as well in Russia, namely in Kuzbass.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Analysis of Surface Changes from Undermining / Monitoring a Analýza Povrchových Projevů Poddolování

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Kajzar ◽  
Hana Doležalová
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Surface Changes

Abstract It is well known that the exploitation of mineral deposits negatively affects the environment. In the case of underground mining, there are usually the most serious effects which are associated with mining activities: movements and surface deformations lead to the creation of subsidence depressions. The determination of the actual state of surface changes by conventional surveying methods is technically exacting, time-consuming and very expensive. With the development of geo-information technologies, new approaches arise and they can be applied to resolving this issue. These resources seem to be suitable not only for providing the necessary spatial information on ongoing processes, but also for their subsequent processing and comprehensive evaluation. The presented paper deals with the possibilities of applying geo-information technologies for monitoring and evaluating the effects of underground mining on surface, summarizes the actual state of this research at ICT, and offers alternatives for their use in the future

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