scholarly journals Monitoring and Analysis of Surface Changes from Undermining / Monitoring a Analýza Povrchových Projevů Poddolování

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Kajzar ◽  
Hana Doležalová
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Surface Changes

Abstract It is well known that the exploitation of mineral deposits negatively affects the environment. In the case of underground mining, there are usually the most serious effects which are associated with mining activities: movements and surface deformations lead to the creation of subsidence depressions. The determination of the actual state of surface changes by conventional surveying methods is technically exacting, time-consuming and very expensive. With the development of geo-information technologies, new approaches arise and they can be applied to resolving this issue. These resources seem to be suitable not only for providing the necessary spatial information on ongoing processes, but also for their subsequent processing and comprehensive evaluation. The presented paper deals with the possibilities of applying geo-information technologies for monitoring and evaluating the effects of underground mining on surface, summarizes the actual state of this research at ICT, and offers alternatives for their use in the future

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

WAYS TO IMPROVE INTERNAL AUDIT OF PAYMENTS TO EMPLOYEES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ivanova ◽  
◽  
Svitlana Mykhailovyna ◽  
Olena Matros ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Employee Benefits ◽  
Actual State ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Employee Benefit ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Practical Recommendations

There is no doubt that the issues of improving the methodological foundations of internal audit of payments to employees in the context of increased competition in all areas of business, the introduction of modern information technologies in the accounting process are relevant. Salaries are not only a source that ensures the life of employees, but their growth affects the increase in labor productivity and profit of the enterprise. Internal audit allows to ensure high-quality accounting of payments to employees, which is important in determining labor productivity indicators and ways to improve it. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological basis with the development of practical recommendations for improving the methodology of internal audit of employee benefits in order to improve the detailed audit content. It has been established that in order to ensure the correct and high-quality organization of internal audit, it is advisable to provide for the establishment of the internal audit service as a separate subdivision, providing the necessary number of accountants and auditors in the staff. The methodology of the internal audit of payroll has been improved in order to provide a detailed explanation of the content of the audit. The main objects of the internal audit of employee benefit calculations have been singled out. The sequence of the employee benefit calculations audit was determined. The internal auditor's working documents were formed: A statement of selective verification of vacation pay accrual and a Statement of violations revealed during the audit of employee benefit calculations. Using new changes and suggestions will allow the company’s internal audit service to cover all aspects of accounting and reporting on employee benefits. Preparation results of the internal audit of payments to employees in the form of proposed working documents will ensure that the results of the audit correspond to the actual state of Affairs at the enterprise and ensure the availability of information during the next audit. Prospects for further research should be carried out in the direction of developing a regulatory framework for internal audit, taking into account industry specifics affecting the economic activity of the enterprise.

New approaches for the determination of dextran in the sugar production process

2018 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Abraham ◽  
Eckhard Flöter
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Molecular Mass Distribution ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Mass Variation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Enzyme Application

The presence of polysaccharides in cane and beet raw juices causes several negative effects during the sugar manufacture. These are usually mitigated by enzymatic decomposition of dextrans. Such effects not only depend on the content, but also on the molecular mass distribution. This means that the different dextran fractions specifically affect the process. An accurate process control hence requires the most precise knowledge about the existing content and the molecular mass distribution present. A detailed understanding of the specific processing problems and also a targeted enzyme application hence requires the determination of a total dextran content and also its characterization including the differentiation between the different dextran fractions. An accurate analytical tool which equally satisfies industrial applicability is still lacking. To improve on this situation, two new approaches for the determination of dextran were developed and benchmarked against the commonly used and established Haze Method, which is rather inaccurate and also sensitive to molecular mass variation. The two new approaches are both based on polarimetry. These two methods indicate to be superior over the Haze Method with respect two molecular mass variation and hence enable the determination of a broader molecular size range including also low molecular mass dextrans.

scholarly journals Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8094
Author(s):  
Shuai Li ◽  
Yulin Zhang ◽  
Ru Feng ◽  
Haoxuan Yu ◽  
Jilong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cemented Backfill ◽  
Bleeding Water

As one of the main industrial solid wastes, there are a large number of free alkaloids, chemically bound alkaloids, fluoride, and heavy metal ions in Bayer process red mud (BRM), which are difficult to remove and easily pollute groundwater as a result of open storage. In order to realize the large-scale industrial application of BRM as a backfilling aggregate for underground mining and simultaneously avoid polluting groundwater, the material characteristics of BRM were analyzed through physical, mechanical, and chemical composition tests. The optimum cement–sand ratio and solid mass concentration of the backfilling were obtained based on several mixture proportion tests. According to the results of bleeding, soaking, and toxic leaching experiments, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the environmental impact of BRM on groundwater. The results show that chemically bound alkaloids that remained in BRM reacted with Ca2+ in PO 42.5 cement, slowed down the solidification speed, and reduced the early strength of red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB). The hydration products in RMCB, such as AFT and C-S-H gel, had significant encapsulation, solidification, and precipitation inhibition effects on contaminants, which could reduce the contents of inorganic contaminants in soaking water by 26.8% to 93.8% and the leaching of toxic heavy metal ions by 57.1% to 73.3%. As shown by the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the degree of pollution of the RMCB in bleeding water belonged to a medium grade Ⅲ, while that in the soaking water belonged to a low grade II. The bleeding water was diluted by 50–100 times to reach grade I after flowing into the water sump and could be totally recycled for drilling and backfilling, thus causing negligible effects on the groundwater environment.

Application of UAV-based orthomosaics for determination of horizontal displacement caused by underground mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 282-303
Author(s):  
Edyta Puniach ◽  
Wojciech Gruszczyński ◽  
Paweł Ćwiąkała ◽  
Wojciech Matwij
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Horizontal Displacement

Study of Real-Time Monitoring System on the Underground Mining Activities Based on Explosion Source Location Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 190-191 ◽  
pp. 1179-1182
Author(s):  
Xiu Zhi Meng ◽  
Zeng Zhi Zhang ◽  
Zong Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Vibration Sensors

The mining boundary ultra-layer & cross-border of some small coal mines in the profit-driven results in a many of safety accidents, waste of resources and environmental damage while the state can not achieve the full uninterrupted supervision because of the backward monitoring tools and equipment. In this situation the real-time monitoring system for underground mining activities is designed based on explosion source location technology. Small and medium-sized coal mines tunnel by blasting operations. The P waves are picked up by acceleration vibration sensors buried underground that are identified and dealt by using wavelet transform. The bursting point is located by the Geiger algorithm and displayed in the mine’s electronic map. The monitor system has good stability, small positioning error by field-proven.

Examination of State of the Cable Insulation by the Return Voltage

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Semenov ◽  
Anna Sidorova ◽  
Pavel Romanov ◽  
Aleksey Kuvshinov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Life ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Insulation Resistance ◽  
Cable Lines ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Paper Insulation ◽  
New System

Abstract The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to determine the state and residual life duration of high-voltage cable lines to identify faulty and maintainable cables. The aim of the article is to determine a reliable scientifically grounded criterion for assessment of insulation characteristics of the cables in use and to perform a comparative analysis of the results obtained by the traditional method of diagnosing insulation with the results of a new method of assessment by the return voltage. In this regard, the article deals with the issues related to the testing of cables having oil-impregnated paper insulation, as well as with the issue of switching from planned replacement of cables to assessment of their actual state and period of residual life. The authors propose to use the method of examining the cables by the return voltage using the device for testing electrical insulation “UDEI-1” developed at the department of Electrification and Automation of the Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics. The article presents the results of measuring the return voltage of three cables that operated under different conditions. The cables had different technical state. The analysis of the estimation of the residual life of cables by the return voltage was carried out using such criteria as the PIRV polarization index, the LIRV electrical conductivity index, and the P-factor. The P-factor is the physical criterion demonstrating the aging of paper-oil insulation by the shape of the return voltage curve. It represents such characteristics of insulation aging as moistening. To compare the results of testing the cables by the return voltage with the conventional methods of diagnostics and to determine the actual technical condition of power cables, the authors applied the method of spatiotemporal reflectometry and the method of measuring insulation resistance with the determination of such indicators of state as insulation resistance normalized per one kilometer, absorption coefficient, and polarization index. The results of this article confirm that the return voltage gives a qualitative assessment of the state and degree of aging of cables with impregnated paper insulation. The authors proposed a new system for evaluation of cable condition by weighting coefficients. In this approach, the determination of residual life of cables with impregnated paper insulation is based on the values of the return voltage. Application of the new system gives opportunity to improve reliability of the power lines. Recommendations for the further operation of the studied cables are given. The materials of the article are of practical value for carrying out complex assessment of the technical condition of power cables by the return voltage and can be useful for drawing up a schedule for replacement or repair of cable lines depending on their actual state.

The cartographic ambiguities of HarassMap: Crowdmapping security and sexual violence in Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Sunday Grove
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Control State

In December 2010, HarassMap was launched as a Cairo-based interactive online mapping interface for reporting and mapping incidents of sexual harassment anonymously and in real time, in Egypt. The project’s use of spatial information technologies for crowdmapping sexual harassment raises important questions about the use of crowdsourced mapping as a technique of global human security governance, as well as the techno-politics of interpreting and representing spaces of gendered security and insecurity in Egypt’s urban streetscape. By recoding Egypt’s urban landscape into spaces subordinated to the visual cartography of the project’s crowdsourced data, HarassMap obscures the complex assemblage that it draws together as the differentially open space of the Egyptian street – spaces that are territorialized and deterritorialized for authoritarian control, state violence, revolt, rape, new solidarities, gender reversals, sectarian tensions, and class-based mobilization. What is at stake in my analysis is the plasticity of victimage: to what extent can attempts to ‘empower’ women be pursued at the microlevel without amplifying the similarly imperial techniques of objectifying them as resources used to justify other forms of state violence? The question requires taking seriously the practices of mapping and targeting as an interface for securing public space.

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