scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein and Other Emerging Blood Biomarkers to Optimize Risk Stratification of Vulnerable Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. C19-C31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Tsimikas ◽  
James T. Willerson ◽  
Paul M. Ridker
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Arroyo-Espliguero ◽  
María C Viana-Llamas ◽  
Alberto Silva-Obregón ◽  
Pablo Avanzas

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Several circulating inflammatory markers have been proposed for clinical use due to their ability to predict future cardiovascular events and may be useful for identifying people at high risk who might benefit from specific treatment to reduce this risk. Moreover, the identification of new therapeutic targets will allow the development of drugs that can help reduce the high residual risk of recurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. The clinical benefits of reducing recurrent major cardiovascular events recently shown by canakinumab and colchicine have renewed the cardiology community’s interest in inflammation as an aetiopathogenic mechanism for atherosclerosis. This review explores the use of C-reactive protein, which is the most frequently studied biomarker in this context; the concept of residual risk in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention; and the current recommendations in international guidelines regarding the role of this inflammatory biomarker in cardiovascular risk stratification.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 695-695
Author(s):  
Dattatraya H Patil ◽  
Ella N Anastasiades ◽  
Mersiha Torlak ◽  
Aaron Lay ◽  
Mehrdad Alemozaffar ◽  
...  

695 Background: Sequential measurements of prognostic markers is an important protocol for accurate prediction of clinical outcomes in clear cell RCC. We propose that change in value of C-Reactive Protein to albumin ratio before and after surgery would be a good prognostic indicator for assessment of overall survival and risk stratification in clear cell RCC. Methods: Patients that underwent nephrectomy for clear cell RCC between 2007 and 2016 were followed up with CRP-Albumin measurements for 3 post-op visits (1, 3, 6 months). All measurements between post-op day 1 to 21 were excluded from analysis owing to possible confounding effect due to surgical stress. We assessed if change in CRP-Albumin ratio from pre-operative level is associated with any patient and tumor characteristics by fitting linear regression generalized estimating equations models to account for correlation in repeated measures. Average change in level for each post-op visit was used to stratify for an eventual end of follow-up outcome. Results: 302 clear cell RCC patients were treated with nephrectomy with mean age at surgery was 59.9±11 years, and mean BMI of 30.1± 6.6. 103 patients had at least 2 time-points available after surgery. Table 1 depicts mean CRP-Albumin ratio with 95% CI for each visit stratified with vital status. A linear GEE model fitted for baseline factors affecting change in ratio , identified t-stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade, gender, and BMI as significantly associated (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Serial measurement of CRP/Albumin ratio is useful factor for personalized risk-stratification for prognosticating overall survival as well as recurrence in patients with clear cell RCC. Significant effect of T-stage, tumor grade, and BMI depicts close relationship of CA-ratio and established risk predictors. [Table: see text]


PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7147
Author(s):  
Mirjam Bachler ◽  
Tobias Hell ◽  
Lukas Schausberger ◽  
Christine Schlömmer ◽  
Volker Schäfer ◽  
...  

BackgroundSepsis is characterized by a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory shift which can induce life-threatening complications. Close monitoring and risk stratification of sepsis patients is crucial for proper treatment and consequently patient outcome. Therefore, this study focuses on the response patterns of inflammatory and coagulatory parameters used in clinical routines to estimate the course of sepsis.MethodsA total of 1,110 patients diagnosed with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed to identify response patterns for risk stratification of routine parameters measured at the peak level of C-reactive protein. Cluster analysis was used and the differences in the patient characteristics and 28-day survival were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression model for survival stratified by the clusters was performed.ResultsThe analyses revealed the parameters to have five distinct response patterns. These clusters reflect the etiology as well as the course of sepsis associated with different mortalities. Here, impairment of the liver plays a crucial role in the ability to appropriately respond to sepsis. Of the routinely measured parameters, C-reactive protein and antithrombin seem to be unspecific for stratification of septic patients. Adjusted for the individual clusters, survival was associated with an increase in fibrinogen (p = 0.0042), platelets (p = 0.0003) and PT (p = 0.001) as well as a decrease in leukocytes (p = 0.034).ConclusionsThis study reveals that patients have distinct response patterns of inflammatory and coagulatory parameters depending on disease etiology. These patterns are associated with different mortalities although the patients have similar levels of C-reactive protein. Independently of the type of response, good coagulatory capacity seems to be crucial for patient survival.


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