scholarly journals Socio-economic status over the life-course and depressive symptoms in men and women in Eastern Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Nicholson ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
Andrzej Pajak ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
Ruzena Kubinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

Lo sviluppo dell'epidemiologia del life course

2009 ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
David Blane ◽  
Juliet Stone ◽  
Gopal Netuveli
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Life Course Epidemiology ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Life Course

- The present paper reviews the development of life course epidemiology since its origins during the 1990s from biological programming, birth cohort research and the study of health inequalities. Methods of studying the life course are examined, including birth cohort studies, linked register datasets and epidemiological archaeology. Three models of life course epidemiology are described: critical periods, accumulation, and pathways. Their conceptual and empirical differentiation can be difficult, but it is argued that accumulation is the underlying social process driving life course trajectories, while the critical period and pathway models are distinguished by their concern with specific types of aetiological process. Among the advantages of the accumulation model are predictive power, aetiological insights, contributions to health inequality debates and social policy implications. It is emphasised that the life course approach is not opposed to, or an alternative to, a concern with cross-sectional and current effects; major social disruption can have a large and immediate impact on health. Other limitations of the life course approach include a spectrum of impact (life course effects can be strong in relation to physiology, but often are weaker in relation to behaviour and psychological reactions to everyday life) and, more speculatively, the possibility that life course effects are diluted in the older age groups where morbidity and mortality are highest. Three issues for the future of life course epidemiology are identified. Many life course data are collected retrospectively. We need to know which items of information are recalled with what degree of accuracy over how many decades; and what methods of collecting these retrospective data maximise accuracy and duration. Second, the two partners in life course research need to take more seriously each other's disciplines. Social scientists need to be more critical of such measures as self-assessed health, which lacks an aetiology and hence biological plausibility. Natural scientists need to be more critical of such concepts as socio-economic status, which lacks social plausibility because it fails to distinguish between social location and social prestige. Finally, European comparative studies can play an important part in the future development of life course epidemiology if they build on the emerging infrastructure of European comparative research. Key words: life course epidemiology, life course trajectories, life course data, social inequalities, accumulation model, socio-economic status. Parole chiave: epidemiologia del corso di vita, traiettorie di vita, dati del corso di vita, disuguaglianze sociali, modello di accumulazione, status socio-economico

scholarly journals Socio-economic status over the life course and obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzy Newton ◽  
Dejana Braithwaite ◽  
Tomi F. Akinyemiju
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Persistent short-term imprisonment: Belonging as a lens to understand its shifting meanings over the life course

Incarceration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 263266632198901
Author(s):  
Marguerite Schinkel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Looking Back

This article takes a life-course perspective to the meaning of persistent short-term imprisonment and introduces the significance of ‘penal careers’. Examining a total of 62 interviews with men and women in Scotland with long careers of (progression through) criminal punishment, it uses to the concept of belonging as a lens to interpret their experiences. While some participants already felt early on in their career that they belonged in prison because of their shared characteristics with other prisoners, the repetition of imprisonment meant that they increasingly felt displaced from life outside and saw life in prison as ‘easier’ and ‘safer’. Nevertheless, looking back on their many sentences, they felt their cumulative meaning was ‘a waste of life’. The article concludes by considering steps towards tackling the conditions that create this sense of belonging in a place of punishment.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Unsecured Debt across the Life Course and Mental Health at Midlife

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Ruining Sun ◽  
Jason N. Houle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Debt Accumulation ◽  
Unsecured Debt ◽  
Trajectory Models ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

In this paper, we contribute to a growing literature on debt and mental health and ask whether patterns of unsecured debt accumulation and repayment over two decades are associated with depressive symptoms at age 50. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 Cohort and group trajectory models, we have three key findings. First, we find substantial heterogeneity in debt trajectories across the life course. Second, respondents who report consistently high debt levels across the life course or who cycle in and out of high debt report significantly more depressive symptoms than respondents who hold consistently low levels of debt. These findings hold for both absolute and relative (debt-to-income) debt. Third, we find that the association between debt and depressive symptoms is strongest among respondents with less than a college degree, but we find less evidence for heterogeneity by race in this cohort.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary habits in relation to social determinants and lifestyle factors

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Johansson ◽  
Dag S. Thelle ◽  
Kari Solvoll ◽  
Gunn-Elin Aa. Bjørneboe ◽  
Christian A. Drevon
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of social status and lifestyle for dietary habits, since these factors may influence life expectancy. We studied the association of four indicators for healthy dietary habits (fruits and vegetables, fibre, fat and Hegsted score) with sex, age, socio-economic status, education, physical leisure exercise, smoking and personal attention paid to keeping a healthy diet. Data were gathered with a self-administered quantitative food-frequency questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of Norwegian men and women aged 16–79 years in a national dietary survey, of whom 3144 subjects (63%) responded. Age and female sex were positively associated with indicators for healthy dietary habits. By separate evaluation length of education, regular physical leisure exercise and degree of attention paid to keeping a healthy diet were positively associated with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. Socio-economic status, location of residence and smoking habits were associated with from one to three indicators for healthy dietary habits. In a multiple regression model, age, education and location of residence together explained from 1 to 9% of the variation (R2) in the four dietary indicators. Length of education was significantly associated with three of four dietary indicators both among men and women. By including the variable ‘attention paid to keeping a healthy diet’ in the model, R2 increased to between 4 and 15% for the four dietary indicators. Length of education remained correlated to three dietary indicators among women, and one indicator among men, after adjusting for attention to healthy diet, age and location of residence. Residence in cities remained correlated to two indicators among men, but none among women, after adjusting for age, education and attention to healthy diet. In conclusion, education was associated with indicators of a healthy diet. Attention to healthy diet showed the strongest and most consistent association with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. This suggests that personal preferences may be just as important for having a healthy diet as social status determinants.

Differences In Chronic Pain Prevalence Between Men And Women At Mid-Life: A Systematic Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Borra ◽  
Rebecca Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background: Epidemiological literature has revealed differences in chronic pain (CP) prevalence in men and women. Women have been found to be more likely to develop CP compared to men at different points of the life-course, such as childhood and old age. Less is known about differences in prevalence by sex during mid-life. While CP is most prevalent later in life, biological and physical changes in mid-life may predispose to an earlier differentiation in CP distribution – for example due to the menopause. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of CP at midlife in men and women, and to identify how these differences relate to results pertaining to other periods in the life-course. Methods: This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search will identify appropriate studies in the following databases: MEDLINE, to be accessed through Web of Science; and EMBASE, AMED and PSYCHinfo to be accessed through OVID. Two reviewers will independently screen each title and abstract and subsequently each full text following the inclusion criteria outlined in this protocol. The reference lists of eligible papers will also be screened to identify any further eligible studies. Any inconsistencies between reviewer decisions will be resolved through discussion. Studies eligible for data extraction will report estimates of CP prevalence, of prevalence for each sex, and difference in prevalence between sexes. Two reviewers will conduct data extraction using a standardised data extraction form. Quality assessment will be conducted using a risk of bias assessment tool for prevalence studies. The findings will be reported in a narrative synthesis and will comment on expected heterogeneity, following the Social Research Council Methods Programme guidelines. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted where the reviewers can justify combining results.Discussion: This review will summarise the prevalence of CP in men and women at mid-life, based on existing evidence. It is expected that the results will identify gaps in knowledge and areas for further research.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021295895

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