Prefrontal-temporal gray matter deficits in bipolar disorder patients with persecutory delusions

AbstractWidespread regional gray matter volume (GMV) alterations have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). Structural networks, which are thought to better reflect the complex multivariate organization of the brain, and their clinical and psychological function have not been investigated yet in BD. 24 patients with BD type-I (BD-I), and 30 with BD type-II (BD-II), and 45 controls underwent MRI scan. Voxel-based morphometry and source-based morphometry (SBM) were performed to extract structural covariation patterns of GMV. SBM components associated with morphometric differences were compared among diagnoses. Executive function and emotional processing correlated with morphometric characteristics. Compared to controls, BD-I showed reduced GMV in the temporo-insular-parieto-occipital cortex and in the culmen. An SBM component spanning the prefrontal-temporal-occipital network exhibited significantly lower GMV in BD-I compared to controls, but not between the other groups. The structural network covariance in BD-I was associated with the number of previous manic episodes and with worse executive performance. Compared to BD-II, BD-I showed a loss of GMV in the temporal-occipital regions, and this was correlated with impaired emotional processing. Altered prefrontal-temporal-occipital network structure could reflect a neural signature associated with visuospatial processing and problem-solving impairments as well as emotional processing and illness severity in BD-I.

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Mood Disorders

10.2310/fm.1021 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hasan A Baloch ◽

Jair C. Soares

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Manic Symptoms ◽

Lifetime History ◽

History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 136 references.

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P.2.d.024 Lithium and GSK-3β promoter gene variants influence gray matter volume in bipolar disorder

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70682-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. S427 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Poletti ◽

C. Locatelli ◽

D. Radaelli ◽

C. Colombo ◽

F. Benedetti

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Promoter Gene ◽

Gsk 3Β

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Orbitofrontal cortex gray matter volumes in bipolar disorder patients: a region-of-interest MRI study

Bipolar Disorders ◽

10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00662.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 145-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Fabiano G Nery ◽

Hua-Hsuan Chen ◽

John P Hatch ◽

Mark A Nicoletti ◽

Paolo Brambilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Mri Study ◽

Gray Matter Volumes

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Preservation of Gray Matter Volume in Early Stage of Bipolar Disorder: A Case for Early Intervention

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743720927827 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 070674372092782 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamyar Keramatian ◽

Wayne Su ◽

Gayatri Saraf ◽

Trisha Chakrabarty ◽

Lakshmi N. Yatham

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Early Stage ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Matter Volume ◽

History Of ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Gray Matter Volumes ◽

Healthy Participants

Objective: It has been proposed that different stages of the bipolar disorder might have distinct neurobiological changes. However, the evidence for this has not been consistent, as the studies in early stages of the illness are limited by small sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gray matter volume changes in bipolar patients who recently recovered from their first episode of mania (FEM). Methods: Using a whole-brain voxel-based analysis, we compared the regional gray matter volumes of 61 bipolar patients who have recovered from their FEM in the past 3 months with 43 age- and gender-matched healthy participants. We also performed a series of subgroup analyses to determine the effects of hospitalization during the FEM, history of depressive episodes, and exposure to lithium. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between gray matter volumes of FEM patients and healthy participants, even at a more liberal threshold ( P < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Voxel-based subgroup analyses did not reveal significant gray matter differences except for a trend toward decreased gray matter volume in left lateral occipital cortex ( P < 0.001, uncorrected) in patients with a previous history of depression. Conclusion: This study represents the largest structural neuroimaging investigation of FEM published to date. Early stage of bipolar disorder was not found to be associated with significant gray matter volume changes. Our findings suggest that there might be a window of opportunity for early intervention strategies to prevent or delay neuroprogression in bipolar disorder.

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Perineuronal oligodendrocytes in health and disease: the journey so far

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro-2019-0020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 89-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hans-Gert Bernstein ◽

Gerburg Keilhoff ◽

Henrik Dobrowolny ◽

Paul C. Guest ◽

Johann Steiner

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Major Depression ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Neuronal Firing ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Experimental Demyelination

Abstract Perineuronal oligodendrocytes (pn-Ols) are located in the cerebral gray matter in close proximity to neuronal perikarya and less frequently near dendrites and neurites. Although their morphology is indistinguishable from that of other oligodendrocytes, it is not known if pn-Ols have a similar or different cell signature from that of typical myelinating oligodendroglial cells. In this review, we discussed the potential roles of these cells in myelination under normal and pathophysiologic conditions as functional and nutritional supporters of neurons, as restrainers of neuronal firing, and as possible players in glutamate-glutamine homeostasis. We also highlighted the occurrences in which perineuronal oligodendroglia are altered, such as in experimental demyelination, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder.

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