Anxiety symptoms and mild cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults from low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Guillermo F. López-Sánchez ◽  
Laurie Butler ◽  
Yvonne Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults from Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Karel Kostev ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Guillermo F. López-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Little is known about the relationship between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: This study aimed to investigate this association among community-dwelling adults aged≥65 years from six LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. These data were obtained in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa in 2007–2010. Participants were considered to have sarcopenia if they had low skeletal muscle mass (i.e., lower skeletal mass index) and a weak handgrip strength. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. Results: The final analytical sample consisted of 12,912 individuals aged≥65 years with preservation in functional abilities without stroke (mean [standard deviation] age 72.2 [10.8] years; 45.2% males). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia and MCI were 11.3% and 18.1%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a positive association between sarcopenia and MCI in all countries (i.e., odds ratio [OR] >  1) with the exception of South Africa, and the overall estimate was OR = 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–1.93) with a low level of between-country heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). Conclusion: There was a positive association between sarcopenia and MCI in this sample of older adults living in LMICs. Causality should be assessed in future longitudinal research, while the utility of sarcopenia as a marker of MCI should also be investigated.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Jae Il Shin ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Christina Carmichael ◽  
Louis Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: The effect of weight modification on future dementia risk is currently a subject of debate and may be modified by age. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) status with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (a preclinical stage of dementia) in middle-aged and older adults residing in six low- and middle-income countries using nationally representative data. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. BMI (kg/m2) was based on measured weight and height and categorized as: underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), overweight (25.0–29.9), and obese (≥30.0). Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted to assess associations. Results: Data on 32,715 individuals aged ≥50 years with preservation in functional abilities were analyzed [mean (SD) age 62.1 (15.6) years; 51.7% females]. Among those aged 50–64 years, compared to normal weight, underweight (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.14–1.81), overweight (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.002–1.37), and obesity (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.09–1.94) were all significantly associated with higher odds for MCI. In those aged ≥65 years, underweight (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.54–0.95) and overweight (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.55–0.94) were associated with significantly lower odds for MCI, while obesity was not significantly associated with MCI. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the association between BMI and MCI is likely moderated by age. Future longitudinal studies are required to confirm or refute the present findings before recommendations for policy and practice can be made.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress and Mild Cognitive Impairment among 32,715 Community-Dwelling Older Adults across Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Andre F. Carvalho ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stress Score ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Perceived stress may be a modifiable risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ultimately dementia, but studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are lacking. Objective: We assessed the association between perceived stress and MCI in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative data. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. A perceived stress score (range 0 [lowest stress] to 10 [highest stress]) was computed based on two questions from the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the as­sociation between perceived stress and MCI. Results: The mean (SD) age of the 32,715 participants was 62.1 (15.6) years and 51.7% were females. After adjustment for potential confounders including depression, in the overall sample, a one-unit increase in the perceived stress score was associated with a 1.14 (95% CI = 1.11–1.18) times higher odds for MCI. The association was similar among those aged 50–64 and ≥65 years. Countrywise analysis showed that there was a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity in this association (I2 = 59.4%), with the strongest association observed in Russia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.55). Conclusion: If our study results are confirmed in prospective studies, addressing perceived stress may have an impact in reducing the risk for MCI and subsequent dementia in LMICs.

scholarly journals Is loneliness associated with mild cognitive impairment in low‐ and middle‐income countries?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Jodie Bloska ◽  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Yvonne Barnett ◽  
Laurie Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrea M. McGrattan ◽  
Yueping Zhu ◽  
Connor D. Richardson ◽  
Devi Mohan ◽  
Yee Chang Soh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Total N ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive state associated with increased risk of dementia. Little research on MCI exists from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite high prevalence of dementia in these settings. Objective: This systematic review aimed to review epidemiological reports to determine the prevalence of MCI and its associated risk factors in LMICs. Methods: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until November 2019. Eligible articles reported on MCI in population or community-based studies from LMICs. No restrictions on the definition of MCI used as long as it was clearly defined. Results: 4,621 articles were screened, and 78 retained. In total, n = 23 different LMICs were represented; mostly from China (n = 55 studies). Few studies from countries defined as lower-middle income (n = 14), low income (n = 4), or from population representative samples (n = 4). There was large heterogeneity in how MCI was diagnosed; with Petersen criteria the most commonly applied (n = 26). Prevalence of aMCI (Petersen criteria) ranged from 0.6%to 22.3%. Similar variability existed across studies using the International Working Group Criteria for aMCI (range 4.5%to 18.3%) and all-MCI (range 6.1%to 30.4%). Risk of MCI was associated with demographic (e.g., age), health (e.g., cardio-metabolic disease), and lifestyle (e.g., social isolation, smoking, diet and physical activity) factors. Conclusion: Outside of China, few MCI studies have been conducted in LMIC settings. There is an urgent need for population representative epidemiological studies to determine MCI prevalence in LMICs. MCI diagnostic methodology also needs to be standardized. This will allow for cross-study comparison and future resource planning.

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