Evapotranspiration estimation using SMAP soil moisture products and bouchet complementary evapotranspiration over Southern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Walker ◽  
Gabriel A. García ◽  
Virginia Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation

scholarly journals Quantifying the Land–Atmosphere Coupling Behavior in Modern Reanalysis Products over the U.S. Southern Great Plains

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 5813-5829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Santanello ◽  
Joshua Roundy ◽  
Paul A. Dirmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Cycle ◽  
Coupling Behavior ◽  
Regional Reanalysis ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The coupling of the land with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on diurnal time scales is critical to regulating the strength of the connection between soil moisture and precipitation. To improve understanding of land–atmosphere (L–A) interactions, recent studies have focused on the development of diagnostics to quantify the strength and accuracy of the land–PBL coupling at the process level. In this paper, the authors apply a suite of local land–atmosphere coupling (LoCo) metrics to modern reanalysis (RA) products and observations during a 17-yr period over the U.S. southern Great Plains. Specifically, a range of diagnostics exploring the links between soil moisture, evaporation, PBL height, temperature, humidity, and precipitation is applied to the summertime monthly mean diurnal cycles of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Results show that CFSR is the driest and MERRA the wettest of the three RAs in terms of overall surface–PBL coupling. When compared against observations, CFSR has a significant dry bias that impacts all components of the land–PBL system. CFSR and NARR are more similar in terms of PBL dynamics and response to dry and wet extremes, while MERRA is more constrained in terms of evaporation and PBL variability. Each RA has a unique land–PBL coupling that has implications for downstream impacts on the diurnal cycle of PBL evolution, clouds, convection, and precipitation as well as representation of extremes and drought. As a result, caution should be used when treating RAs as truth in terms of their water and energy cycle processes.

scholarly journals A Modified Framework for Quantifying Land–Atmosphere Covariability during Hydrometeorological and Soil Wetness Extremes in Oklahoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryann A. Wakefield ◽  
Jeffrey B. Basara ◽  
Jason C. Furtado ◽  
Bradley G. Illston ◽  
Craig. R. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Oklahoma Mesonet ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Regional Reanalysis

AbstractGlobal “hot spots” for land–atmosphere coupling have been identified through various modeling studies—both local and global in scope. One hot spot that is common to many of these analyses is the U.S. southern Great Plains (SGP). In this study, we perform a mesoscale analysis, enabled by the Oklahoma Mesonet, that bridges the spatial and temporal gaps between preceding local and global analyses of coupling. We focus primarily on east–west variations in seasonal coupling in the context of interannual variability over the period spanning 2000–15. Using North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR)-derived standardized anomalies of convective triggering potential (CTP) and the low-level humidity index (HI), we investigate changes in the covariance of soil moisture and the atmospheric low-level thermodynamic profile during seasonal hydrometeorological extremes. Daily CTP and HI z scores, dependent upon climatology at individual NARR grid points, were computed and compared to in situ soil moisture observations at the nearest mesonet station to provide nearly collocated annual composites over dry and wet soils. Extreme dry and wet year CTP and HI z-score distributions are shown to deviate significantly from climatology and therefore may constitute atmospheric precursors to extreme events. The most extreme rainfall years differ from climatology but also from one another, indicating variability in the strength of land–atmosphere coupling during these years. Overall, the covariance between soil moisture and CTP/HI is much greater during drought years, and coupling appears more consistent. For example, propagation of drought during 2011 occurred under antecedent CTP and HI conditions that were identified by this study as being conducive to positive dry feedbacks demonstrating potential utility of this framework in forecasting regional drought propagation.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Seasonal Soil Moisture Drought Onset and Termination in the Southern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Seager ◽  
Jennifer Nakamura ◽  
Mingfang Ting
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Moisture Change ◽  
Southern Plains ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMechanisms of drought onset and termination are examined across North America with a focus on the southern Plains using data from land surface models and regional and global reanalyses for 1979–2017. Continental-scale analysis of covarying patterns reveals a tight coupling between soil moisture change over time and intervening precipitation anomalies. The southern Great Plains are a geographic center of patterns of hydrologic change. Drying is induced by atmospheric wave trains that span the Pacific and North America and place northerly flow anomalies above the southern Plains. In the southern Plains winter is least likely, and fall most likely, for drought onset and spring is least likely, and fall or summer most likely, for drought termination. Southern Plains soil moisture itself, which integrates precipitation over time, has a clear relationship to tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies with cold conditions favoring dry soils. Soil moisture change, however, though clearly driven by precipitation, has a weaker relation to SSTs and a strong relation to internal atmospheric variability. Little evidence is found of connection of drought onset and termination to driving by temperature anomalies. An analysis of particular drought onsets and terminations on the seasonal time scale reveals commonalities in terms of circulation and moisture transport anomalies over the southern Plains but a variety of ways in which these are connected into the large-scale atmosphere and ocean state. Some onsets are likely to be quite predictable due to forcing by cold tropical Pacific SSTs (e.g., fall 2010). Other onsets and all terminations are likely not predictable in terms of ocean conditions.

scholarly journals Soil Moisture, Grass Production and Mesquite Resprout Architecture Following Mesquite Above-Ground Mortality

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ansley ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Caitlyn Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
North Central ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Central Texas

Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) is an invasive native woody plant in the southern Great Plains, USA. Treatments used to slow the invasion rate have either killed the plant (“root-kill”) or killed above-ground tissue (“top-kill”). Top-killing provides temporary suppression, but stimulates multi-stemmed regrowth. This study from north central Texas quantified soil moisture, grass production and mesquite resprout architecture following a mechanical clearing treatment that top-killed mesquite (cleared) compared to untreated mesquite woodland (woodland) over a 10-year period. During an extreme drought at 5 and 6 years post-clearing, soil moisture at 60-cm depth became lower in cleared than in woodland, suggesting that, as early as 5 years after top-kill, water use by regrowth mesquite could be greater than that by woodland mesquite. Perennial grass production was greater in cleared treatments than in woodland treatments in all years except the extreme drought years. Mesquite regrowth biomass increased numerically each year and was independent of annual precipitation with one exception. During the year 5 and 6 drought, mesquite stopped lateral expansion of larger stems and increased growth of smaller stems and twigs. In summary, top-killing mesquite generated short-term benefits of increased grass production, but regrowth created potentially negative consequences related to soil moisture.

scholarly journals Convection Initiation along Soil Moisture Boundaries in the Southern Great Plains

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 1140-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Frye ◽  
Thomas L. Mote
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Synoptic Type ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Volumetric Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Convection Initiation

Abstract Boundaries between two dissimilar air masses have been shown to be the focus region for convection initiation. One feature that has been shown to create these boundaries, as well as mesoscale circulation patterns conducive for convection, is soil moisture heterogeneities. These relationships have been validated in modeling studies, short-term field campaigns, and reanalysis of severe weather events. This study examines the role of soil moisture on convection initiation by using observational data over 7 yr (1998–2004) in the southern Great Plains. A key component to this research is the recently developed daily soil moisture product from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). The locations of convection initiation, based on the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data, were compared to volumetric soil moisture values and volumetric soil moisture gradient values. The locations of convection initiation were also examined based on synoptic-type day. On synoptically benign days, increased soil moisture and soil moisture gradient values were associated with decreased convection initiation, to a point. After soil moisture reached 15% (25%) on days with (without) a low-level jet, the likelihood of convection initiation increased. On synoptically primed days, the probabilities of convection initiation were more variable throughout the range of soil moisture values, indicating that the synoptically primed conditions may reduce the influence of soil moisture heterogeneities. Results indicate that a critical value in soil moisture and soil moisture gradient may exist that alters the mesoscale effect of changes in soil moisture on convection initiation, particularly on days that would be classified as synoptically benign.

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