scholarly journals A Bayesian networks approach to infer social changes from burials in northeastern Taiwan during the European colonization period

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 105471
Author(s):  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Ben Marwick
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Colonization Period

scholarly journals A Bayesian networks approach to infer social changes in burials in northeastern Taiwan during the European colonization period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Ben Marwick
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Exponential Random Graph Models ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Colonization Period

Burials provide valuable information to study social structures based on the assumption that burials and associated grave goods can represent social roles and relations in a society. To study social relationships, network analysis has been increasingly applied to archaeological data to infer interactions and relationships between entities. Statistical approaches to network analysis, such as exponential random graph models (ERGMs), provide a way to test hypotheses about dynamic processes of network formation. However, computational difficulties and sensitivity to uncertainties limit the application of ERGMs. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian framework on ERGMs that enables an efficient computational process, effective quantification of uncertainty, and robust model evaluation of network properties. We tested a hypothesis of social change relative to the arrival of Europeans by studying burial data from Kiwulan, an Iron Age site in northeastern Taiwan. The results indicate a transition among the burials from network ties based on ritual objects to wealth objects, and a more centralized structure with increased social differentiation after the European presence was established in the 17th century. Our case study demonstrates the effectiveness of Bayesian network analysis for archaeological data, and expands the use of burials in understanding the impacts of colonial presence on Indigenous groups in a pericolonial context.

Estimation of otitis media in ancient populations: A study of past and present Greenlandic Inuit

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Homøe ◽  
N. Lynnerup ◽  
L. T. Skovgaard ◽  
N. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractExamination of disease patterns in the past has often been difficult due to lack of morphological evidence. This study presents a new unbiased method estimation of occurences of infectioous middle ear disease (IMED) in childhood. The method is based on the relation between IMED in childhood and small or asymmetric pneumatized cell areas in the temporal bones as seen on standrdised X-rays.A Polychotomous logitic regression mofel was applied on 434 pneumatized cell areas in temporal bones from 34 adult living Greenlandic Inuit, 56 adult crania from the 18th to the 19th century A. D. and 127 adult inuit crania from the Pre-European colonization period (before A. D. 1721) of Greenland. The occurence of IMED as designated by the model was eight out of 34 (23.5 per cent) in living Inuit, 10 out of 56 (17.9 per cent) in crania form the 18th to 19th century and six out of 127 (4.7 per cent) in crania form the pre/colonization period. These frequencies differed significantly (p<0.002). The mean area size also differed significantly, thus indicating a change in occurence of IMED and a decrease in area sizes from past to presentin Greenland.

1. The man made of words

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sean Teuton
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Native People ◽  
Indigenous Worldviews ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
American Authors

‘The man made of words’ describes the history of Native Americans, with a strong focus on the 16th-century European colonization period. To recover from nearly 500 years of conquest and disease that devastated indigenous peoples in North America, Native people had to revisit their history and reimagine themselves through literature. As Native American authors learned to write in English, they also mastered literary forms like the novel, adapting these genres to serve indigenous worldviews, and incorporating oral literatures. Despite numerous challenges and a Native American population decreasing rapidly during colonization, many Native American communities are growing their populations and economies, and are reinvesting in cultural and language revitalization.

RELASI ISLAM DAN NASIONALISME DALAM SEJARAH BANGSA INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Order ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governance Reforms

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

Sociological dimension of economic globalization: world trends and Ukrainian realities (Second part. Social changes in Ukrainian society in the context of economic globalization)

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-110
Author(s):  
Tetiana Petrushyna ◽  
Anatolii Arseienko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Globalization remains the most common and quite controversial concept in modern social discourse. Within the theoretical and conceptual sociological dimension, the authors analyzed the essence of economic globalization (EG) as its defining type. They studied globalization as an objective process (first of all, the international division of labour) and the subjective process of forming a global capitalist economy under the auspices of leading Western countries, supranational financial and economic institutions (primarily the World Bank and the IMF), TNCs. As the main drivers of globalization, they determine its forms and directions in the interests of the "core" of global capitalism. Within the empirical sociological dimension of EG (which involves measuring the various manifestations of the EG process itself as well as its social consequences), the authors paid particular attention to the analysis of social changes in Ukrainian society. The capitalization of the Ukrainian economy, which took place in parallel with Ukraine’s entry into the global economic space, led to degradation of the national economy, significant deterioration of living standards of most citizens, creation of anti-social state with the systemic crisis as its main attribute. To prove these conclusions, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the principal macroeconomic and sociological indicators of Ukrainian society’s life for almost 30 years of drift to the roadside of the global capitalist world, based on the study of numerous domestic and foreign sources. The authors focused on the research of eight critical areas of social changes: deindustrialization of the economy, global competitiveness and innovation, GDP dynamics, employment, income and welfare of the population, socioeconomic inequality, debt dependence and degradation of Ukrainian science. The analysis shows the need to abandon the neoliberal paradigm of development and search for the alternative and more fair models of EG.

Thèmes et variations Réflexions stylistiques sur l’itinéraire d’Égérie

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 611-621
Author(s):  
Sára Horváthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Changes ◽  
The South ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social

SummaryEgeria, a 4th century pious woman from the south of present-day Spain, retold, after visiting Palestine with the Bible in hand, her observations to her sisters. If the linguistic aspects of her letters are quite well-known, much less is known about its stylistic value, inappropriately called “simple”.What seems to be boringly the same again and again, is in fact a constantly renewed and perfectly mastered “variation on a theme”, just as in a well-composed piece of music. Her apparent objectivity is indeed a wish to focus on what she considers the most important, namely to tell her community, as closely to reality as possible, what she observed during her pilgrimage. However, Egeria’s latin is also a testimony of the christian lexicon in construction and of the social changes that were in progress by that time.Linguistics and stylistics work together here, the choice of a word or a grammatical formula reveals hidden information about the proper style of an author who, despite her supposed objectivity, had real personal purposes.

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