Social Changes Imposed by HIV and AIDS in Rural Areas: An Empirical Evidence of Sex Education in Maswa District, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Masanja ◽  
J. M. Msuya
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Social Changes

scholarly journals A comparative study of chest CT findings regarding the effects of regional dust exposure on patients with COPD living in urban areas and rural areas near cement plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyun Kim ◽  
Bom Kim ◽  
So Hyeon Bak ◽  
Yeon-Mok Oh ◽  
Woo Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Copd Patients

Abstract Background The clinical and radiological presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogenous depending on the characterized sources of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate COPD phenotypes associated with specific dust exposure. Methods This study was designed to compare the characteristics, clinical outcomes and radiological findings between two prospective COPD cohorts representing two distinguishing regions in the Republic of Korea; COPD in Dusty Area (CODA) and the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. A total of 733 participants (n = 186 for CODA, and n = 547 for KOLD) were included finally. A multivariate analysis to compare lung function and computed tomography (CT) measurements of both cohort studies after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, and pack-year, Charlson comorbidity index, and frequency of exacerbation were performed by entering the level of FEV1(%), biomass exposure and COPD medication into the model in stepwise. Results The mean wall area (MWA, %) became significantly lower in COPD patients in KOLD from urban and metropolitan area than those in CODA cohort from cement dust area (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 70.2 ± 1.21% in CODA vs. 66.8 ± 0.88% in KOLD, p = 0.028) after including FEV1 in the model. COPD subjects in KOLD cohort had higher CT-emphysema index (EI, 6.07 ± 3.06 in CODA vs. 20.0 ± 2.21 in KOLD, p < 0.001, respectively). The difference in the EI (%) was consistently significant even after further adjustment of FEV1 (6.12 ± 2.88% in CODA vs. 17.3 ± 2.10% in KOLD, p = 0.002, respectively). However, there was no difference in the ratio of mean lung density (MLD) between the two cohorts (p = 0.077). Additional adjustment for biomass parameters and medication for COPD did not alter the statistical significance after entering into the analysis with COPD medication. Conclusions Higher MWA and lower EI were observed in COPD patients from the region with dust exposure. These results suggest that the imaging phenotype of COPD is influenced by specific environmental exposure.

scholarly journals Facilitating co-production in public services: Empirical evidence from a co-design experience with family caregivers living in a remote and rural area

2020 ◽  
pp. 095148482097145
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gheduzzi ◽  
Niccolò Morelli ◽  
Guendalina Graffigna ◽  
Cristina Masella
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Care Agency ◽  
Home Care Agency ◽  
Design Experience

The involvement of vulnerable actors in co-production activities is a debated topic in the current public service literature. While vulnerable actors should have the same opportunities to be involved as other actors, they may not have the needed competences, skills and attitudes to contribute to this process. This paper is part of a broader project on family caregivers’ engagement in remote and rural areas. In particular, it investigates how to facilitate co-production by looking at four co-design workshops with family caregivers, representatives of a local home care agency and researchers. The transcripts of the workshops were coded using NVivo, and the data were analysed based on the existing theory about co-production. Two main findings were identified from the analysis. First, the adoption of co-production by vulnerable actors may occur in conjunction with other forms of engagement. Second, the interactions among facilitators and providers play a crucial role in encouraging the adoption of co-production. We identified at least two strategies that may help facilitators and providers achieve that goal. However, there is a need for an in-depth understanding of how facilitators and providers should interact to enhance implementation of co-production.

scholarly journals Strategy to improve adolescent knowledge on sex education: scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Yustika rahmawati Rahmawati Pratami
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Behavior ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Gender Based

Background : Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing adolescents for safe, productive lives, and understanding about HIV and AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancy, Gender-Based Violence (GBV), and Gender inequality still pose serious risks to their well-being. Study Aim : Determine the method most instrumental in improving adolescents' knowledge about adolescent sex education and teens identify constraints in obtaining information on sex education. Methods : Stage approach to review the literature using framework Arskey and O'Malley. The framework used to manage with PEOS research questions so that the search strategy uses 5 databases, viz. Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, Proquest, And Ebsco with the identification of the relevant study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Each method has its contribution in providing information and knowledge about sex education to adolescents, however the source of the greatest role in providing sex education information mostly came from digital sources both internet and TV media. The lack of role of parents and teachers to provide enough information about sex education is reflected in the results and the above discussion. Problems in adolescent sexual behavior that negatively due to inaccurate sources such as peer and the internet and added with minimal information from parents and teachers in which teenagers hoping to get information about sex education from parents and teachers.

scholarly journals Rural development limitations at the transitional terms

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (159) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Nikolic ◽  
Marija Maksin-Micic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Integrated Rural Development ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Green Tourism

European countries have been reaffirtmating the role and the significance of agricultural multifunctionality for rural areas development. The transition countries have to make the assessment of their weaknesses and opportunities before facing the necessary significant investments in agriculture, rural settlements and deprived rural areas. Overall economic development should provide for further agriculture employment reduction, along with taking measures for the agriculture farms modernization and changes in the structure of agriculture production, within the process of integrated rural development. Declining population at mountain areas might be a prerequisite for intensified farm restructuring, namely through development reorientation, achieving more balanced agriculture economy, along with rediscovering comparative advantages in the development of new activities linked to social changes and changes in lifestyle - green tourism, leisure activities, health care, as well as to forestry, traditional crafts etc. Subsequent to European experience in maintenance of the necessary level of spatial development in sparsely populated and neglected rural areas, the development of priority mountain areas in Serbia should be defined at national level, and the new system of support should facilitate the preparation and the implementation of different projects for integrated rural development of this priority areas.

scholarly journals A Human Rights-Based Approach to Teenage Pregnancy Prevention in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Ching Yuen Luk
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
Socializing Agents

This chapter examines the causes and consequences of teenage pregnancy in China and how to prevent teenage pregnancy using a human rights-based approach. It shows that teenage pregnancy is caused by social and cultural factors, including adolescents' more open attitude towards sex, the lack of formal and comprehensive sex education at schools, parents failing to be prominent socializing agents of sexuality for their children, and the problem of “left-behind” children in rural areas. Teenage pregnancy adversely affects adolescents, their babies, and their family in different ways. In order to solve the problem of teenage pregnancy, this study suggests the adoption of a human rights-based approach to teenage pregnancy prevention by recognizing adolescents' right to sexual and reproductive information and education, their right to sexual and reproductive health services, and their right to participate.

Interview with Caroline Couret about the Creative Tourism Network ®.

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Caroline Couret ◽  
Cláudia Pato de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
A Value

Abstract Introduces what Creative Tourism Network is, the paper also presents how creative tourism is important. Creative tourism is important in two main ways: it meets a growing and irreversible demand that reflects social changes more than a marketing gimmick, and it is, above all, perceived by the territories as a lever for sustainable development. Indeed, far from being considered as a danger for local communities as mainstream tourism used to be; creative tourism is valued for its capacity to create a value chain at the local and regional scale, by turning weaknesses and negative externalities into a virtuous ecosystem. In addition to this, assets such as communities' empowerment, inclusiveness, seasonality, resilience, intangible heritage recovery, social cohesion, and governance (just to mention a few) are applicable to any kind of destination and are particularly beneficial for the rural areas that cannot rely on other industrial sectors. The destinations that are part of the Creative Tourism Network ® are labelled 'CreativeFriendly' for guaranteeing both the quality and authenticity of the creative experiences they are promoting, as well as for the value chain generated through the project design.

Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescents: Perpetration and Victimization by Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097161
Author(s):  
Sarah Taylor ◽  
Yan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Rural Context

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious concern with various negative impacts on adolescent development. Research on ADV has predominantly been conducted in urban areas and has generally focused on physical and sexual forms of violence. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence rates of various forms of ADV by gender in the rural context. A convenience sample of rural adolescents responded to an online survey. In total, 131 responses were used for this study. Participants reported perpetration and victimization experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, threatening behavior, relational aggression, verbal abuse, and cyber dating abuse. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to determine gender differences in proportion and frequency of ADV. Results reveal that various forms of ADV are occurring in the rural context, with many of both males and females reporting perpetration and victimization. Overall, verbal and cyber ADV are the most common. Gender analysis reveals that males were significantly more likely to be victimized by physical abuse victimization, whereas females were significantly more likely to be victimized by sexual abuse. Though the proportion of adolescents reporting ADV were high in this study, most participants reported lower frequencies of ADV. Results support the urgent need in rural areas for education and prevention that target physical, sexual, and psychological components of healthy relationships. Rural dating violence prevention efforts must emphasize the importance of mutual respect across gender, rather than solely presenting this lesson to males in a traditional gendered manner. Results also suggest the need for rural areas to adopt comprehensive sex education that details sexual relationships that are consensual and healthy.

Rural “at-risk” students – Directions for policy and intervention

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Helge
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Education ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
School Partnerships ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Primary Disability ◽  
Relationship Of

This article includes excerpts from case studies of at-risk students. It discusses the high prevalence of at-risk students in rural areas, the relationship of this phenomena to rural cultures, and basic conditions associated with being “at-risk.” Necessary policy and social changes are described and how these can be achieved within the context of a given rural community. School and community preventive and treatment services are detailed. The article discusses the need to address the “secondary” disability (the emotional overlay) of an at-risk handicapped student to facilitate effective intervention with the “primary” disability. The article concludes with a description of the need for systemic change including an emphasis on self-esteem education, appropriate pre-service and inservice, community-business-school partnerships, family involvement, and community education.

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