Trapping radioactive carbon dioxide during cellular metabolic assays under standard culture conditions: description of a unique gas-capturing device

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene C Krieg ◽  
Lance A Liotta ◽  
Emanuel F Petricoin ◽  
Paul C Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Standard Culture

scholarly journals The genetics of catalase in Drosophila melanogaster: isolation and characterization of acatalasemic mutants.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Mackay ◽  
G C Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Hypomorphic Alleles

Abstract Activated oxygen species have been demonstrated to be the important agents in oxygen toxicity by disrupting the structural and functional integrity of cells through lipid peroxidation events, DNA damage and protein inactivation. The biological consequences of free radical damage have long been hypothesized to be a causal agent in many aging-related diseases. Catalase (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase; EC 1.15.1.1) is one of several enzymes involved in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and free radical derivatives. The structural gene for catalase in Drosophila melanogaster has been localized to region 75D1-76A on chromosome 3L by dosage responses to segmental aneuploidy. This study reports the isolation of a stable deficiency, Df(3L)CatDH104(75C1-2;75F1), that uncovers the catalase locus and the subsequent isolation of six acatalasemic mutants. All catalase mutants are viable under standard culture conditions and recessive lethal mutations within the 75Cl-F1 interval have been shown not to affect catalase activity. Two catalase mutations are amorphic while four are hypomorphic alleles of the Cat+ locus. The lack of intergenic complementation between the six catalase mutations strongly suggests that there is only one functional gene in Drosophila. One acatalesemic mutation was mapped to position 3-47.0 which resides within the catalase dosage sensitive region. While complete loss of catalase activity confers a severe viability effect, residual levels are sufficient to restore viability to wild type levels. These results suggest a threshold effect for viability and offer an explanation for the general lack of phenotypic effects associated with the known mammalian acatalasemics.

Structure of vegetative organs in essential oil rose under standard culture conditions and long-term conservation in vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
I.V. Mitrofanova ◽  
V.A. Brailko ◽  
N.P. Lesnikova-Sedoshenko ◽  
N.N. Ivanova ◽  
O.V. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Standard Culture

Experimental studies on Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr.: chemical and microscopical investigations of the mycobiont and re-synthesis stages

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg BRUNAUER ◽  
Armin HAGER ◽  
Wolf Dietrich KRAUTGARTNER ◽  
Roman TÜRK ◽  
Elfie STOCKER-WÖRGÖTTER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Scanning Electron

Culture experiments that trigger the axenically grown mycobionts of Lecanora rupicola to produce the polyketide chemosyndrome typical of the naturally grown lichen are reported. This chemosyndrome comprises lecanoric, haematommic and orsellinic acids, sordidone, eugenitol and atranorin, all of which were hardly produced under standard culture conditions. The only exception was arthothelin that was only present in the voucher specimen. It has been shown that almost the complete acetyl-polymalonyl-pathway leading to depsides and chromones can be induced in culture, but apparently not the xanthones. The mycobiont was also successfully re-synthesized with its original photobiont, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope studies (SEM). Cultures of the resynthesised lichen biosynthesized additional satellite substances, which were not detected either in the voucher specimens or in the aposymbiontically (without the photobiont) grown mycobiont cultures. The identity of cultured mycobionts of L. rupicola was confirmed by comparing ITS-DNA-sequence data from the original lichen with publicly available (GeneBank) sequences of that species.

scholarly journals Capture, Storage and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide by Microalgae and Production of Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 574-586
Author(s):  
Marta Bertolini ◽  
Fosca Conti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Operative Strategies

Abstract Carbon dioxide emissions are strongly related to climate change and increase of global temperature. Whilst a complete change in producing materials and energy and in traffic and transportation systems is already in progress and circular economy concepts are on working, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) represent technically practicable operative strategies. Both technologies have main challenges related to high costs, so that further advanced research is required to obtain feasible options. In this article, the focus is mainly on CCU using microalgae that are able to use CO2 as building block for value-added products such as biofuels, EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances), biomaterials and electricity. The results of three strains (UTEX 90, CC 2656, and CC 1010) of the microalgal organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are discussed. The results about ideal culture conditions suggest incubation temperature of 30 °C, pH between 6.5 and 7.0, concentrations of acetate between 1.6 and 2.3 g L–1 and of ammonium chloride between 0.1 and 0.5 g L–1, the addition of glucose This green microalga is a valid model system to optimize the production of biomass, carbohydrates and lipids.

COMPETITION BETWEEN AMINO ACIDS FOR TRANSPORT INTO EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA CELLS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1717-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Scholefield
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

The cumulative entry of amino acids into Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells is due to the presence of active transport systems, each with its own specific range of substrates. Several amino acids and amino acid analogues may have an affinity for the same transport system and thus may inhibit transport of other amino acids by acting as competitive inhibitors or competitive substrates. Loss of methionine from ascites cells takes place by a diffusion process which obeys Fick's law. Leucine accumulation by ascites cells is small and is increased on addition of certain other amino acids. The increase is not due to inhibition of leucine oxidation as increase in the rate of production of radioactive carbon dioxide from labeled leucine also occurs. Kinetic aspects of these results are discussed.

POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL PRODUCTION BY OSMOPHILIC YEASTS: STUDIES WITH C14-LABELED GLUCOSE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. T. Spencer ◽  
A. C. Neish ◽  
A. C. Blackwood ◽  
H. R. Sallans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions

D-Glucose was dissimilated aerobically by a strain of osmophilic yeast producing glycerol, D-arabitol, ethanol, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of succinic acid. Glucose-1-C14 gave glycerol labeled in the terminal carbons, D-arabitol labeled in carbon-1 and carbon-5, methyl labeled ethanol, and succinic acid with 30% of the labeling in the carboxyl carbons and 70% in the methylene carbons. Glucose-2-C14 gave glycerol labeled in carbon-2, D-arabitol labeled in carbon-1, carbon-2, and carbon-4, carbinol labeled ethanol, and succinic acid having 70% of the labeling in the carboxyl carbons and 30% in the methylene carbons. Labeled carbon dioxide was produced from both carbon-1 and carbon-2 labeled glucose but the specific activity of carbon dioxide from glucose-1-C14 was higher than that from glucose-2-C14. The distribution of radioactive carbon in the products is explained by assuming that glucose is dissimilated via a combination of the Embden–Meyerhof and the phosphogluconate oxidation pathways, with transketolase-catalyzed reactions playing an important part in D-arabitol formation.

Extracorporeal Artificial Liver: The Influence of a Second Cell Layer on the Morphology and Function of Immobilized Human Hepatocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wick ◽  
H.G. Koebe ◽  
F.W. Schildberg
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Artificial Liver ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
And Function

Hepatocytes in long-term cultures represent a promising approach to preserve liver function under standard culture conditions. Hepatocyte cultures as the key components in an extracorporeal artificial liver (EAL) in the treatment of hepatic insufficiency, would be a great advantage. However, one of the numerous unsolved problems is the limitation of the surface area of a future EAL. To decrease the dimensions of same, we modified the cell immobilization technique by placing a second layer of immobilized human hepatocytes onto a layer of pre-immobilized hepatocytes creating a “sandwich immobilization” (SI) system. Immobilization and sandwich immobilization were compared over an investigation period of 30 days: functional performance mirrored by cholinesterase (CHE) and albumin secretion showed remarkable differences only in the course of the first week, whereas we found almost no differences from day 8 on. The total DNA-values on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30 varied strongly after the first week but were very similar up to day 30. Finally, it appears disadvantageous to enlarge number/cm2 of (human) hepatocytes in long-term cultures or for application in an EAL by means of sandwich immobilization.

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