Associations between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid compositions and biomarkers of vascular health in adults with type 1 diabetes with and without insulin resistance: a cross-sectional analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren L. O’Mahoney ◽  
Rachel Churm ◽  
Antonios Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou ◽  
Ramzi A. Ajjan ◽  
Nicolas M. Orsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Associations between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid compositions and insulin resistance in obese adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Gunes ◽  
Emre Tascilar ◽  
Erdim Sertoglu ◽  
Ahmet Tas ◽  
Muhittin A. Serdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

scholarly journals GH replacement causing acute hyperglycaemia and ketonuria in a type 1 diabetic patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Cavlan ◽  
Shanti Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Susan Gelding ◽  
William Drake
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle ◽  
Gh Excess

Summary A state of insulin resistance is common to the clinical conditions of both chronic growth hormone (GH) deficiency and GH excess (acromegaly). GH has a physiological role in glucose metabolism in the acute settings of fast and exercise and is the only anabolic hormone secreted in the fasting state. We report the case of a patient in whom knowledge of this aspect of GH physiology was vital to her care. A woman with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus who developed hypopituitarism following the birth of her first child required GH replacement therapy. Hours after the first dose, she developed a rapid metabolic deterioration and awoke with hyperglycaemia and ketonuria. She adjusted her insulin dose accordingly, but the pattern was repeated with each subsequent increase in her dose. Acute GH-induced lipolysis results in an abundance of free fatty acids (FFA); these directly inhibit glucose uptake into muscle, and this can lead to hyperglycaemia. This glucose–fatty acid cycle was first described by Randle et al. in 1963; it is a nutrient-mediated fine control that allows oxidative muscle to switch between glucose and fatty acids as fuel, depending on their availability. We describe the mechanism in detail. Learning points There is a complex interplay between GH and insulin resistance: chronically, both GH excess and deficiency lead to insulin resistance, but there is also an acute mechanism that is less well appreciated by clinicians. GH activates hormone-sensitive lipase to release FFA into the circulation; these may inhibit the uptake of glucose leading to hyperglycaemia and ketosis in the type 1 diabetic patient. The Randle cycle, or glucose–fatty acid cycle, outlines the mechanism for this acute relationship. Monitoring the adequacy of GH replacement in patients with type 1 diabetes is difficult, with IGF1 an unreliable marker.

scholarly journals Exploring Variation in Glycemic Control Across and Within Eight High-Income Countries: A Cross-sectional Analysis of 64,666 Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Charalampopoulos ◽  
Julia M. Hermann ◽  
Jannet Svensson ◽  
Torild Skrivarhaug ◽  
David M. Maahs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
High Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance, Defective Insulin-Mediated Fatty Acid Suppression, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Subjects With and Without Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene E. Schauer ◽  
Janet K. Snell-Bergeon ◽  
Bryan C. Bergman ◽  
David M. Maahs ◽  
Adam Kretowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Acid Suppression

Metformin Improves Insulin Resistance (IR) and Vascular Health in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 234-OR
Author(s):  
KRISTEN J. NADEAU ◽  
PETTER BJORNSTAD ◽  
MICHAL SCHÄFER ◽  
LORNA BROWNE ◽  
AMY BAUMGARTNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Health

scholarly journals Single Islet Autoantibody at Diagnosis of Clinical Type 1 Diabetes is Associated With Older Age and Insulin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J Redondo ◽  
Jay Sosenko ◽  
Ingrid Libman ◽  
Jennifer J F McVean ◽  
Mustafa Tosur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Islet Autoantibody ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Context Multiple islet autoantibody positivity usually precedes clinical (stage 3) type 1 diabetes (T1D). Objective To test the hypothesis that individuals who develop stage 3 T1D with only a single autoantibody have unique metabolic differences. Design Cross-sectional analysis of participants in the T1D TrialNet study. Setting Autoantibody-positive relatives of individuals with stage 3 T1D. Participants Autoantibody-positive relatives who developed stage 3 T1D (at median age 12.4 years, range = 1.4–58.6) and had autoantibody data close to clinical diagnosis (n = 786, 47.4% male, 79.9% non-Hispanic white). Main Outcome Measures Logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between autoantibody status and demographic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics, adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple comparisons. Results At diagnosis of stage 3 T1D, single autoantibody positivity, observed in 119 (15.1%) participants (72% GAD65, 13% microinsulin antibody assay, 11% insulinoma-associated antigen 2, 1% islet cell antibody, 3% autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 [ZnT8]), was significantly associated with older age, higher C-peptide measures (fasting, area under the curve, 2-hour, and early response in oral glucose tolerance test), higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and lower T1D Index60 (all P < 0.03). While with adjustment for age, 2-hour C-peptide remained statistically different, controlling for body mass index (BMI) attenuated the differences. Sex, race, ethnicity, human leukocyte antigen DR3-DQ2, and/or DR4-DQ8, BMI category, and glucose measures were not significantly associated with single autoantibody positivity. Conclusions Compared with multiple autoantibody positivity, single autoantibody at diagnosis of stage 3 T1D was associated with older age and insulin resistance possibly mediated by elevated BMI, suggesting heterogeneous disease pathogenesis. These differences are potentially relevant for T1D prevention and treatment.

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