Which policy is more effective, carbon reduction in all industries or in high energy-consuming Industries?——From dual perspectives of welfare effects and economic effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongbin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Energy Consuming

Clinical and economic effects of selective radiological evaluation of high-energy trauma patients: a prospective experience of a level 1 busy trauma centre

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Paydar ◽  
Armin Ahmadi ◽  
Behnam Dalfardi ◽  
Alireza Shakibafard ◽  
Hamidreza Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
High Energy Trauma ◽  
Level 1

On the Economic Effects of Disobeyed Regulation in Employment Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Harel ◽  
Yuval Procaccia ◽  
Ilana Ritov
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Reservation Wages

AbstractMandatory restrictions in employment law, seeking to promote the welfare of workers, are debated fiercely. Proponents argue that they protect workers. Opponents believe that they spawn inefficiency and harm workers. Yet all agree that restrictions trigger such effects only when obeyed. This Article challenges the conviction that the welfare effects of mandatory restrictions depend on obedience. We show experimentally that when restrictions are disobeyed, workers’ reservation wages rise, i. e., workers charge higher wages when offered employment that violates the restrictions. That, in turn, produces welfare effects similar in nature to those produced when restrictions are obeyed. This observation is therefore important to both proponents and opponents of employment regulation. We establish this claim experimentally by measuring the effects of disobeyed restrictions on workers’ reservation wages. We then investigate several hypotheses as to why these effects are generated. Last, we point out that our findings have important implications in other contexts of contractual regulation, such as in the domain of consumer protection.

Research on the Energy Saving Potential of Official Cars in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 1217-1221
Author(s):  
Quan Le Liu ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Strategy Method ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Energy Consuming

The quantity of official cars increased with the speed exceeding 20% every year which need much more energy be consumed to meet the official car needs. To investigate the energy saving potential of official cars in China, This paper introduced the strategy method with systemic viewpoint to reduce official cars energy consumption through analyzing the reason of high energy consuming of official cars. The resulted showed that only reduce the quantities and maintenance cost, and decline the displacement and using frequency can realize fuel efficiency of official cars.

An Assessment of the Economic Effects of the Menu of U.S. Trade Policies

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Kiyota ◽  
Robert M Stern
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
The U.S

The Michigan Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model of World Production and Trade is used to calculate the aggregate welfare and sectoral employment effects of the menu of U.S. trade policies. The menu of policies encompasses the various preferential U.S. bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) negotiated and in process, unilateral removal of existing trade barriers, and global (multilateral) free trade. The welfare impacts of the FTAs on the United States are shown to be rather small in absolute and relative terms. The sectoral employment effects are also generally small but vary across the individual sectors depending on the patterns of the bilateral liberalization. The welfare effects on the FTA partner countries are mostly positive though generally small, but there are some indications of potentially disruptive employment shifts in some partner countries. There are indications of trade diversion and detrimental welfare effects on nonmember countries for some of the FTAs analyzed. In comparison to the welfare gains from the U.S. FTAs, the gains from both unilateral trade liberalization by the United States and the FTA partners and from global (multilateral) free trade are shown to be rather substantial and more uniformly positive for all countries in the global trading system. The U.S. FTAs are based on “hub” and “spoke” arrangements. It is shown that the spokes emanate out in different and often overlapping directions, suggesting that the complex of bilateral FTAs may create distortions of the global trading system, which could be avoided if multilateral liberalization in the context of the Doha Round were to be carried out. Kozo Kiyota is Associate Professor of International Economics in the Faculty of Business Administration, Yokohama National University. He is also a Research Fellow at the Manufacturing Management Research Center (MMRC), the University of Tokyo and a Faculty Fellow at the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI). He received his Ph.D. from Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. His research focuses on empirical microeconomics. He has published articles in the International Journal of Industrial Organization, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, and The World Economy. Robert M. Stern is Professor of Economics and Public Policy (Emeritus) in the Department of Economics and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan.

scholarly journals Metabolism plays the key roles in Th cells differentiation

Reumatismo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hosseinzadeh ◽  
S. Soukhtehzari ◽  
M. Ghaedi ◽  
R. Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Hyper Sensitivity ◽  
Process Studies

The increasing rate of autoimmunity in recent decades cannot be related to only genetic instabilities and disorders. Diet can directly influence our health. Studies have shown that there is a relationship between nutritional elements and alteration in the immune system. Among immune cells, the function of T lymphocyte is important in directing immune response. T CD4+ cells lead other immune cells to respond to pathogens by secreting cytokines. HIV+ patients, who have largely lost their T CD4+ cells, are susceptible to opportunistic infections, which do not normally affect healthy people. It seems that the metabolism of T cells is critical for their differentiation and their consequent functions. After activation, T cells need to undergo clonal expansion, which is a high energy- consuming process. Studies have shown that specific metabolites deprivation or their excess supply affects T CD4+cells subsets differentiation. Abnormal induction of subsets of T CD4+ cells causes some autoimmunity reactions and hyper-sensitivity as well, which may result from imbalance of diet uptake. In this mini-review, we describe the findings about fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, and vitamins, which are effective in determining the fates of T CD4+ cells. These findings may help us uncover the role of diet in autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Metallic Powder Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELCHOR SALAZAR MARTINEZ ◽  
Flavio Américo Lagos-Galván
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Manufacture Process ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Powder Manufacture

Abstract Intermetallic Fe-Al compounds have become very interesting materials due to their properties, such as good corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, high resistance/weight ratios, creep resistance, good wear resistance, and low cost, including some applications where they could replace stainless steels. However, their low ductility at room temperature has limited their use. One of the solutions is to generate powders of these intermetallics and press them in the wished form. Current production methods of this type of powders are very high energy-consuming, polluting, and harmful for handling for human beings. Because of the environmental situation in our planet, it is necessary to develop more environmentally friendly processes, which have lower energy requirements. Therefore, a comparison of a novel water vapor-based FeAl powder manufacture process with Mechanical Alloying (MA), one of the most commonly used processes to produce this type of powder is made in this work. This comparison aims to focus on the advantages of the novel process concerning MA, the last one, considering environmental as well as energy criteria.

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