Green synthesis of sulfonated organosilane functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and its catalytic activity for one-pot conversion of high free fatty acid seed oil to biodiesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 123146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Macawile ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Tetsuya Kida ◽  
Raymond Tan ◽  
Joseph Auresenia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Biodiesel Production from the High Free Fatty Acid “Hevea brasiliensis” and Fuel Properties Characterization

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 897-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Ahmad ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Awais Bokhari ◽  
Ruzaimah Nik Mohammad Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Energy crises, depletion of fossil fuel reservoirs, environmental pollution, global warming, green house effect and starvation are becoming very serious problems in the modern world. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel which can be the best alternative for the fossil fuels. In this study, non-edible rubber seed oil (RSO) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content (45%) was used for the production of biodiesel. The process comprises of two steps, in the first step acid esterification was used to reduce the FFA and in the second step base transesterification was employed to convert the treated oil into rubber seed oil methyl esters (RSOMEs). The conversion yield of biodiesel was analyzed using gas chromatography. The fuel properties were tested using the standard procedure of ASTM D6751 and EN14214. All the properties were within the ranges of the biodiesel standards. The result shows that rubber seed oil is a potential non-edible source for biodiesel production.

Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Acid Esterification of High Free Fatty Acid Rubber Seed Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 2515-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Fatt Chuah ◽  
Awais Bokhari ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Acid Esterification

Enzyme catalyzed biodiesel production from rubber seed oil containing high free fatty acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilse Sebastian ◽  
Chandrasekharan Muraleedharan ◽  
Arockiasamy Santhiagu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed
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