ASEAN's trade balance with the whole EU-28 at industry level: The role of vehicle currency

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00230
Author(s):  
Ho Hoang Gia Bao ◽  
Hoang Phong Le
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Industry Level

scholarly journals Role of agriculture and multifunctional rural development in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Bogdanov ◽  
Zorica Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Clear Explanation

Serbia is mostly rural country, as three fourth of its territory make rural areas, while almost half population is living in rural areas. Serbian agriculture is the sector which is very important for the total economy of the country in respect of resources, participation in GDP, employment as well as importance for rural areas and population. This is the only sector in Serbian economy that shows positive foreign trade balance in the recent several years.There are potentials for development of agrarian entrepreneurship on one hand, but on the other, there are constraints in existence of great number of small family farms whereas the huge share could not have commercial profile and could not live only from agricultural activities. The concept of multifunctional development of agriculture and rural areas is still present mostly in scientific and political sphere without clear explanation or interpretation as well as mechanisms of implementation. Serbia’s rural space is heterogenic and devastated in different extent, and therefore extremely complicated for planning of multifunctional development.

Emerging Role of Technology Licensing in the Development of Global Product Strategy: Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kotabe ◽  
Arvind Sahay ◽  
Preet S. Aulakh
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Technology Licensing ◽  
Product Strategy ◽  
Mode Of Entry ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Research Propositions

In the context of mode of entry into new markets, existing theory tends to identify technology licensing as a step toward or an alternative to wholly owned subsidiaries. However, recent trends in technology licensing indicate that technology licensing is used increasingly as a conscious, proactive component of a technology-based firm's global product strategy. The authors present a conceptual framework from the licensor's perspective on technology licensing by combining the existing literature and licensing practices in industry to identify the antecedent product market, industry level, and resource-based factors that lead to technology licensing. They also present propositions on how these factors affect technology licensing and conclude by linking technology licensing to different dimensions of a firm's product strategy.

scholarly journals Managing systemic uncertainty: The role of industry-level management controls and hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 101049
Author(s):  
Paul J. Thambar ◽  
David A. Brown ◽  
Prabhu Sivabalan
Keyword(s):  
Industry Level ◽  
Management Controls

scholarly journals Growth Effect of Public Debt: The Role of Government Effectiveness and Trade Balance

Economies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Janina Seputiene
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Government Effectiveness

A growing number of recent works support the idea of debt threshold level (turning point), above which debt starts reducing economic growth. However, estimated threshold varies sharply across studies and gives a little insight into what the optimal level of debt is. The point is that there is no single turning point that could be applied to all countries and a proper investigation is needed on factors, which shape the debt impact on growth. This study aims to investigate whether debt threshold level depends on government effectiveness (one of the aspects of countries’ institutional quality) and trade balance. Our SYS-GMM estimates (and alternatively OLS and LSDV for robustness check) are based on the unbalanced panel of 152 countries over the period of 1996–2016 and on two strategies: (i) splitting of sample into subsamples according to trade balance and government effectiveness and (ii) including debt and government effectiveness, debt and trade deficit interactions. The obtained results are in line with those which confirm inverted U-shaped debt-growth relationship with clear debt turning point dependence on government effectiveness. However, effective governance is not enough to avoid the negative debt effect. Trade balance seems to be more crucial factor than institutional quality, on which threshold level depends.

scholarly journals POLA PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA-TIONGKOK

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Manat Rahim ◽  
Heppi Millia
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Stable Position ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
Balance Deficit

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the pattern of trade between Indonesia and China, the role of China as a market commodity exports, and as a supplier of imported commodities Indonesia. And identify commodities that include strong, stable and weak in entering the Chinese market. By using secondary data and descriptive quantitative analysis tools, this research generates; (1) The development of Indonesia's export destination is smaller than the development of China's imports from China, the trade balance deficit continues to expand, the intensity of the small trade and tends to decline. (2) The role of China in the larger Indonesian International trade, both as a market share of non-oil exports as well as suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Even has shifted USA, EU, and Japan. (3) commodity exports has a strong position is; Nickel, coal, crabs, and plywood. While commodities are in a stable position is; Shrimp, palm oil, rubber, power tools, fruits, and copper and copper products have a stable position. Brown, Paper and paper products, as well as computers and computer parts in Chinese market. Keywords: Patterns of Trade, Indonesia, China Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola perdagangan Indonesia-Tiongkok, peran Tiongkok sebagai pasar komoditas ekspor, dan sebagai pemasok komoditas impor Indonesia. Serta mengidentifikasi komoditas yang termasuk kuat, stabil dan lemah dalam memasuki pasar Tiongkok. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan alat analisis kuantitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menghasilkan; (1)  Perkembangan ekspor Indonesia tujuan Tiongkok lebih kecil dari perkembangan impor asal Tiongkok, neraca perdagangan defisit makin membesar, intensitas perdagangan kecil dari satu dan cendrung menurun.(2) Peran Tiongkok  dalam perdagangan Internasional Indonesia semakin besar, baik sebagai pangsa pasar ekspor non migas maupun sebagai pemasok bahan baku dan barang modal. Bahkan telah menggeser posisi USA, Uni Eropa, dan Jepang . (3) Komoditas ekspor yang mempunyai posisi kuat adalah; Nikel, batu bara, kepiting, dan kayu lapis.  Sedangkan komoditas yang berada pada posisi stabil adalah; Udang, minyak sawit, karet,  alat-alat listrik, buah-buahan, dan tembaga serta produk dari tembaga mempunyai posisi stabil. Coklat, Kertas dan barang dari kertas, serta komputer beserta bagiannya di pasar Tiongkok. Kata Kunci: Pola Perdagangan, Indonesia, Tiongkok

scholarly journals The Nonlinear Relationship between Trade Balance and Income for Selected Asian Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Hafeez ur Rehman ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Noman Arshed ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Sardar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
World Income ◽  
Shape Curve

This research study is an attempt to explore the nonlinear relationship between domestic and foreign income and deficit in the trade balance for a sample of 13 high deficit Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. Furthermore, the study also moderates the role of financial development and carbon emissions with trade balance. The study results validated the existence of a nonlinear relationship between trade balance and domestic and foreign income. For this purpose, three different types of model are formulated. The first model was of the benchmark type, which contains only the domestic and foreign income effect, while in the other two models, the role of financial development and carbon emissions is also included. The estimated results evinced the existence of U shape relationship for domestic income and inverted U shape curve for World income. The results revealed that it would be very suitable for selected countries to boost up domestic income. Because of it, the deficit in trade balance will start to decline. The financial development and carbon emissions are found to be a significant contributor to reduce the deficit in the trade balance.

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