Competitiveness of agri-food foreign trade in conditions of the Slovak Republic

The presented paper aims to evaluate the development and competitiveness of agri-food foreign trade of the Slovak Republic for the period 2016 – 2020. In the article, we present the priorities of Slovakia within the commodity structure. We use the RCA indicator to identify comparative advantages. In this paper, we also compare the actual and estimated development of agri-food foreign trade of the Slovak Republic in the years 2018 – 2020. Based on the reached results, we can state that we achieve an ever-increasing trade balance deficit in agri-food foreign trade. Produced results confirmed all the research assumptions presented in the paper. Despite the increase in export and import of agri-food products, the negative trade balance is still deeper. A significant deviation of real development from the predicted values can be explained by the influence of the worldwide pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19, which slowed down the possible further development of agricultural trade.

COMPETITIVENESS AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN SAGO FLOUR EXPORT

Export is one of the economic parameters of a country which can increase the country’s economy which must be maintained and increased in value. In the last ten years from 2010 to 2019, Indonesia’s export performance fluctuated and decreased, resulting in a trade balance deficit in 2012-2014 and 2018-2019. Based on the problem, Indonesia needs to make strategic efforts. One of the efforts that can be done is to develop agricultural exports. One of the products that has the potential to be developed is sago flour. This research analyzed the competitiveness and export potential of Indonesian sago flour. This study used secondary data which is panel data consisting of time series and cross section data. The methods used were the RCA, EPD, and X- Model. The results of the analysis using RCA and EPD concluded that Indonesian sago flour has strong competitiveness in the export market. Then the results of the X-model analysis show that sago flour exports have the potential for optimistic market development in the Philippine, Thailand and Chinese markets and the potential export markets are Japan, Malaysia, Hong kong, and Sri Lanka

Dynamics of the Variability of Heat and Moisture Supply Indicators and Irrigation Norms in the Сonditions of the Astrakhan Region

During the scientific researches, scientific and methodological recommendations have been developed for determining the irrigation norms of crops for years with different water balance deficit availability, including a method for assessing and zoning a territory according to the coefficient of natural heat and moisture supply (moisture index) Mi, calculation models for rationing irrigation taking into account territorial and temporal variability, irrigation requirements for main crops, differentiated by natural and climatic zones within the Astrakhan Region. Based on statistical research and mathematical analysis of the main climatic indicators - air temperature and precipitation, trends and the degree of change in these indicators were investigated and identified according to observation data, as well as rational ecologically balanced regimes of irrigation of crops in the Astrakhan Region were calculated. According to the research results, based on the developed methodology, net irrigation requirements (mm) were calculated for the main forage and vegetable crops in years of different humidity (supply), taking into account the climatic zones identified by the moisture index (Mi) in the Astrakhan Region.

STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN IMPOR SALMON-TROUT UNTUK KONSUMSI PASAR DALAM NEGERI

Impor ikan salmon-trout semakin meningkat seiring bervariasinya menu masakan Jepang di Indonesia pada sejumlah hotel, restoran dan katering. Pengendalian impor terhadap komoditas harus dilakukan sebagai upaya mengurangi defisit neraca perdagangan. Pengendalian impor ikan salmon-trout sangat penting dilakukan karena merupakan produk pesaing ikan lokal dan berpotensi menurunkan permintaan terhadap ikan lokal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi pengendalian impor ikan salmon-trout terutama untuk konsumsi hotel, restoran, katering, pasar modern (Horekapasmod) dan industri pengolahan ikan (re-ekspor). Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data primer berasal dari wawancara dan diskusi dengan pemangku kepentingan impor salmon-trout pada bulan bulan Maret hingga September 2019 di DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Timur sebagai pintu masuk impor utama ikan salmon-trout. Data sekunder juga dikumpulkan dari berbagai institusi seperti BPS dan berbagai hasil penelitian beberapa perguruan tinggi. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analysis hierarchy process (AHP) untuk merumuskan strategi pengendalian impor salmon-trout. Strategi pengendalian impor salmon-trout berdasarkan hasil analisis disusun berdasarkan prioritas. Prioritas pertama dengan bobot nilai 0,413 adalah sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang jenis ikan yang memiliki kandungan gizi sama dengan salmon-trout. Prioritas kedua adalah peningkatan ketersediaan dan perbaikan kualitas ikan lokal yang potensial mensubstitusi salmon-trout dengan bobot 0.363. Prioritas ketiga adalah mengikuti kerjasama perdagangan internasional untuk ekspansi pasar ekspor khususnya untuk fillet salmon-trout dengan bobot sebesar 0,224. Pelaksanaan strategi tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan konsumsi ikan lokal yang asupan gizinya tidak kalah dengan salmon-trout sehingga alokasi impor dalam negeri dapat dikurangi secara bertahap.Title: Salmon-Trout Import Control Strategies for Domestic Market ConsumptionSalmon-trout imports has increased along with the growth of hotels, restaurants and restaurants with Japanese cuisine in Indonesia. Control of imports of commodities must be done as an effort to reduce the trade balance deficit. Import control of salmon-trout is very important because it is a local fish competitor and has the potential to reduce demand for local fish. Therefore, this study aims to formulate a salmon-trout import control strategy especially for hotels, restaurants, catering, retails and processing industry (re-export) consumption. Primary and secondary data were used in this study, primary data derived from interviews and discussions with salmon-trout importer stakeholders in March to September 2019 in DKI Jakarta and East Java as the main entry point for salmon-trout import. Secondary data was also collected and from various institutions such as BPS and various research results from several universities. The data collected then analyzed using the hierarchical process analysis (AHP) method to formulate salmon-trout import control strategies. Salmon-trout import control strategies based on the results of the analysis are arranged according to priority. The first priority with a weight value of 0.413 is socialization and education to the public about the types of fish that have the same nutritional content as Salmon-Trout. The second priority is increasing availability and improving the quality of local fish which has the potential to substitute Salmon-Trout with a weight of 0.363. The third priority is to participate in international trade cooperation for the expansion of export markets specifically for salmon-trout fillets with a weight of 0.224. The implementation of this strategy is expected to increase the consumption of local fish which are nutritionally inferior to salmon-trout so that the allocation of imports is gradually reduced.

DAMPAK SUBSITUSI IMPORT TERHADAP DEFISIT NERACA PERDAGANGAN: STUDI KASUS IMPOR KULIT INDONESIA

An alternative strategy to reduce the trade balance deficit simultaneously to increase the net foreign exchange is the import-substitution for raw materials used to produce an export goods. This paper proposes an import substitution study on footwear products that have a dependency on imported raw materials by 70 percent, with the largest composition being leather raw materials by 67 percent. This paper analyzes the relationship between subsidies on the leather industry to leather import-substitution, multiplier effect to footwear sector, and Indonesia trade balance. Author make use of simulation the on Input-Output 2010 table and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model. The simulation shows 100 billion subsidies on the leather sector, lead for the substitution-import of leather by 7,94 million rupiah, increase the net export foreign exchange by 1.1 billion rupiah of the footwear sector, and for overall, increase Indonesia trade balance deficit by 68 billion rupiah. Keywords: Computable General Equilibrium, footwear, leather, net foreign exchange, subsidy.ABSTRAK: Salah satu terobosan untuk mengurangi defisit neraca perdagangan dan meningkatkan nilai neto devisa ekspor adalah dengan substitusi impor bahan baku yang digunakan untuk memproduksi barang ekspor. Paper ini mengusulkan kajian substitusi impor pada produk alas kaki yang mempunyai ketergantungan bahan baku impornya sebesar 70 persen, dengan komposisi terbesar adalah bahan baku kulit sebesar 67 persen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak stimulus subsidi pada industri kulit terhadap subtitusi impor kulit, dukungan multiplier sektor kulit terhadap sektor alas kaki, serta terhadap devisa ekspor Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi model Computable General Equilibrium (CGE). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan stimulus subsidi sebesar 100 milyar rupiah pada sektor kulit memberikan substitusi bahan baku kulit sebesar 7,94 juta rupiah, menaikkan devisa ekspor sektor alas kaki sebesar 1.1 miliar rupiah, serta secara keseluruhan menambah defisit neraca berjalan Indonesia sebesar 68 miliar rupiah. Kata kunci: alas kaki, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), devisa ekspor, kulit, subsidi.

REAKSI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH TERHADAP PENGUMUMAN DEFISIT NERACA PERDAGANGAN

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk menganalisis reaksi pasar dari investor sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman defisit neraca perdagangan terhadap abnormal return (AR) dan trading volume activity (TVA). Model yang digunakan untuk menghitung AR adalah Market-Adjusted Model yang didapat dari return indeks pasar yakni return pasar indeks harga saham gabungan (IHSG). Periode yang digunakan adalah 3 hari sebelum dan 3 hari sesudah pengumuman defisit neraca perdagangan. TVA digunakan untuk memperkirakan harga saham yang akan datang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah saham yang tedaftar di BEI yang terrindeks di indeks saham syariah Indonesia (ISSI) menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada AAR dan ATVA sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman defisit neraca perdagangan.Kata Kunci: reaksi pasar, study peristiwa, abnormal return, trading volume activity ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the market reaction of investors before and after the announcement of a trade balance deficit to abnormal return (AR) and trading volume activity (TVA). The model used to calculate the abnormal return is the Market-Adjusted Model obtained from market index returns, namely the market return of the composite stock price index. The periods used is 3 days before and 3 days after the announcement of a trade balance deficit. TVA is used to estimate future stock prices. The sample in this study is shares listed in the IDX that are indexed in the Indonesian Islamic stock index (ISSI) using purposive sampling. The results showed no significant differences in AAR and ATVA before and after the announcement of a trade balance deficit.Keywords: market reaction, event study, abnormal return, trading volume activity

The COVID-19 multiplier effects of tourism on the Greek economy

Using a multisectoral model and data from the Supply and Use Tables, this article estimates the COVID-19 multiplier effects of tourism on gross domestic product (GDP), total employment, and trade balance of the Greek economy. The results indicate that a—not-unexpected—decrease of international travel receipts in the range of 3.5 to 10.5 billion euros would lead to a decrease in GDP of about 2.0% to 6.0%, a decrease in the levels of employment of about 2.1% to 6.4% and an increase in the trade balance deficit of about 2.4 to 7.1 billion euros, respectively.

STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN IMPOR MACKAREL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU USAHA PEMINDANGAN

Ikan mackerel merupakan salah satu komoditas impor utama pada sektor perikanan sehingga pengendalian impor terhadap komoditas ini dapat berperan mengurangi defisit neraca perdagangan. Peruntukkan impor mackarel sebagian besar untuk usaha pemindangan dan pasar domestik sebagai substitusi ikan lokal. Pengendalian impor terhadap ikan makarel sangat penting dilakukan karena merupakan pesaing ikan lokal dan berpotensi menurunkan permintaan terhadap ikan lokal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi pengendalian impor ikan mackerel khusunya pada usaha pemindangan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang berasal dari wawancara dan diskusi dengan pemangku kepentingan terkait usaha pemindangan yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret hingga September 2019 di DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Timur sebagai sentra pemasukan ikan mackerel impor. Analisis data menggunakan metode analysis hierarchi process (AHP) untuk merumuskan strategi pengendalian impor mackerel bagi usaha pemindangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang menjadi prioritas pertama adalah memperbaiki sistem logistik dan distribusi ikan lokal dengan bobot nilai sebesar 0,378. Prioritas kedua adalah peningkatan kapasitas armada penangkapan ikan dengan bobot nilai sebesar 0,233. Prioritas ketiga adalah peninjauan kembali mekanisme pemberian rekomendasi dan izin impor serta prosedur pengawasan impor mackerel dengan bobot nilai sebesar 0,215 dan prioritas keempat adalah edukasi dan sosialiasi bagi masyarakat terkait ikan substitusi mackerel dan rantai dingin dengan bobot nilai sebesar 0,174. Pelaksanaan strategi tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan bahan baku ikan lokal menjadi stabil dengan tingkat harga yang sesuai bagi pemindang sehingga alokasi impor mackerel yang dikeluarkan untuk usaha pemindangan dapat dikurangi secara bertahap. Tittle: Mackarel Importation Control Strategy As Raw Material For Boiled Fish IndustriesMackerel is one of the largest import commodities in the fisheries sector. Therefore, control over mackerel import helps reducing Indonesia’s trade balance deficit. Mackerel were imported largely for fish brine industries and domestic market as a substitute for local fish. The import control especially significant since it is a local fish competitor and it possibly reduces the demand of local fish. Therefore, this study aims to formulate strategies for controlling mackerel imports for fish brine industries. This study used primary data that were collected through interviews and discussions among stakeholders of fish brine industries from March to September 2019 in DKI Jakarta and East Java as centers of imported mackerel fish. Data then were analysed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to formulate import control strategies of mackerel for fish brine industries. The results suggested strategies with four priority scales. The priority was improving the logistic and distribution system of local fish with a value of 0,378. The second priority was increasing the capacity of the fishing fleet with a value of 0,233. The third priority was reviewing the mechanism of recommendations, import licenses and controlling procedures with a value of 0,215. The fourth priority was education to community regarding to mackerel substitution and cold chain system with a value of 0,174. Those strategies were expected to increase the availability of local fish raw materials with appropriate price level for the brine fish businessmen in order to gradually reduce the number of imported mackerel for the brine fish industry.