scholarly journals POLA PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA-TIONGKOK

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Manat Rahim ◽  
Heppi Millia

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the pattern of trade between Indonesia and China, the role of China as a market commodity exports, and as a supplier of imported commodities Indonesia. And identify commodities that include strong, stable and weak in entering the Chinese market. By using secondary data and descriptive quantitative analysis tools, this research generates; (1) The development of Indonesia's export destination is smaller than the development of China's imports from China, the trade balance deficit continues to expand, the intensity of the small trade and tends to decline. (2) The role of China in the larger Indonesian International trade, both as a market share of non-oil exports as well as suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Even has shifted USA, EU, and Japan. (3) commodity exports has a strong position is; Nickel, coal, crabs, and plywood. While commodities are in a stable position is; Shrimp, palm oil, rubber, power tools, fruits, and copper and copper products have a stable position. Brown, Paper and paper products, as well as computers and computer parts in Chinese market. Keywords: Patterns of Trade, Indonesia, China Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola perdagangan Indonesia-Tiongkok, peran Tiongkok sebagai pasar komoditas ekspor, dan sebagai pemasok komoditas impor Indonesia. Serta mengidentifikasi komoditas yang termasuk kuat, stabil dan lemah dalam memasuki pasar Tiongkok. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan alat analisis kuantitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menghasilkan; (1)  Perkembangan ekspor Indonesia tujuan Tiongkok lebih kecil dari perkembangan impor asal Tiongkok, neraca perdagangan defisit makin membesar, intensitas perdagangan kecil dari satu dan cendrung menurun.(2) Peran Tiongkok  dalam perdagangan Internasional Indonesia semakin besar, baik sebagai pangsa pasar ekspor non migas maupun sebagai pemasok bahan baku dan barang modal. Bahkan telah menggeser posisi USA, Uni Eropa, dan Jepang . (3) Komoditas ekspor yang mempunyai posisi kuat adalah; Nikel, batu bara, kepiting, dan kayu lapis.  Sedangkan komoditas yang berada pada posisi stabil adalah; Udang, minyak sawit, karet,  alat-alat listrik, buah-buahan, dan tembaga serta produk dari tembaga mempunyai posisi stabil. Coklat, Kertas dan barang dari kertas, serta komputer beserta bagiannya di pasar Tiongkok. Kata Kunci: Pola Perdagangan, Indonesia, Tiongkok

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Yulianto ◽  
Ario Seno Nugroho

An alternative strategy to reduce the trade balance deficit simultaneously to increase the net foreign exchange is the import-substitution for raw materials used to produce an export goods. This paper proposes an import substitution study on footwear products that have a dependency on imported raw materials by 70 percent, with the largest composition being leather raw materials by 67 percent. This paper analyzes the relationship between subsidies on the leather industry to leather import-substitution, multiplier effect to footwear sector, and Indonesia trade balance. Author make use of simulation the on Input-Output 2010 table and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model. The simulation shows 100 billion subsidies on the leather sector, lead for the substitution-import of leather by 7,94 million rupiah, increase the net export foreign exchange by 1.1 billion rupiah of the footwear sector, and for overall, increase Indonesia trade balance deficit by 68 billion rupiah. Keywords: Computable General Equilibrium, footwear, leather, net foreign exchange, subsidy.ABSTRAK: Salah satu terobosan untuk mengurangi defisit neraca perdagangan dan meningkatkan nilai neto devisa ekspor adalah dengan substitusi impor bahan baku yang digunakan untuk memproduksi barang ekspor. Paper ini mengusulkan kajian substitusi impor pada produk alas kaki yang mempunyai ketergantungan bahan baku impornya sebesar 70 persen, dengan komposisi terbesar adalah bahan baku kulit sebesar 67 persen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak stimulus subsidi pada industri kulit terhadap subtitusi impor kulit, dukungan multiplier sektor kulit terhadap sektor alas kaki, serta terhadap devisa ekspor Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi model Computable General Equilibrium (CGE). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan stimulus subsidi sebesar 100 milyar rupiah pada sektor kulit memberikan substitusi bahan baku kulit sebesar 7,94 juta rupiah, menaikkan devisa ekspor sektor alas kaki sebesar 1.1 miliar rupiah, serta secara keseluruhan menambah defisit neraca berjalan Indonesia sebesar 68 miliar rupiah. Kata kunci: alas kaki, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), devisa ekspor, kulit, subsidi.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Suroso Suroso

ENGLISHPati Regency has a great potential in tapioca industries but the products are not feasible for big industries. Objectives of the research are: (1) to analyze the availability of raw materials for tapioca industries; (2) to analyze the role of tapioca industries in economic development; (3) to analyze the role of tapioca industries in social development; and (4) to analyze the competitiveness of tapioca industries in the study area. The research uses descriptive-quantitative approach. The research uses primary and secondary data. Data collecting uses techniques of interview, field-events and document observation. The analysis uses descriptive. There are some findings in the research. Firstly, the existing product of tapioca has a proportion rate 83.169% of the local raw materials. Secondly, the role of tapioca industries in the economic development is relatively good, in the second rating position among small and medium scale industries with the economic value 233,239,350,000 Rupiahs monthly. Thirdly, the role of tapioca industries in the social development is relatively good, in the third rating position among small and medium scale industries by employing of 3,617 workers. Fourthly, the competitiveness of tapioca industries in the study area is not relatively optimal, which is indicated by: (a) selling out raw materials, (b) the big industries are not willing to use the local tapioca products because of not feasible quality. INDONESIAKabupaten Pati memiliki potensi besar dalam industri tapioka tetapi produk tapioka dianggap kurang layak bagi industri besar. Tujuan Penelitian untuk : (1) menganalisa ketersediaan bahan baku usaha industri tapioka, (2) menganalisa peran usaha industri tapioka dalam pembangunan ekonomi, (3) menganalisa peran usaha industri tapioka dalam pembangunan sosial penyerapan tenaga kerja, (4) menganalisa daya saing usaha industri tapioka di area studi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara, observasi lapangan dan observasi dokumen. Analisis data secara analisis deskriptif. Ada beberapa temuan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, eksistensi produksi tapioka berada pada proporsi sebesar 83,169% dari potensi bahan baku lokal yang tersedia. Kedua, peran usaha industri tapioka dalam pembangunan ekonomi relatif baik, menempati peringkat 2 diantara UKM unggulan daerah dengan nilai ekonomi produksi per bulan sebesar Rp233.239.350.000,00. Ketiga, peran usaha industri tapioka dalam pembangunan sosial penyerapan tenaga kerja relatif baik, menempati peringkat 3 diantara UKM dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja sebanyak 3.617 orang. Keempat, daya saing usaha industri tapioka di area studi relatif kurang optimal terindikasi: (a) sebagian bahan baku lokal (ketela) dijual ke luar daerah karena penawaran harga yang kurang kompetitif, (b) perusahaan besar belum mau menggunakan produk tapioka tersebut dengan alasan kualitas kurang layak.


Agric ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Andi Pangeran Rivai ◽  
Musran Munizu ◽  
Mahyuddin Mahyuddin

Export is one of the economic parameters of a country which can increase the country’s economy which must be maintained and increased in value. In the last ten years from 2010 to 2019, Indonesia’s export performance fluctuated and decreased, resulting in a trade balance deficit in 2012-2014 and 2018-2019. Based on the problem, Indonesia needs to make strategic efforts. One of the efforts that can be done is to develop agricultural exports. One of the products that has the potential to be developed is sago flour. This research analyzed the competitiveness and export potential of Indonesian sago flour. This study used secondary data which is panel data consisting of time series and cross section data. The methods used were the RCA, EPD, and X- Model. The results of the analysis using RCA and EPD concluded that Indonesian sago flour has strong competitiveness in the export market. Then the results of the X-model analysis show that sago flour exports have the potential for optimistic market development in the Philippine, Thailand and Chinese markets and the potential export markets are Japan, Malaysia, Hong kong, and Sri Lanka


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Tenny Apriliani ◽  
Rismutia Hayu Deswati

Impor ikan salmon-trout semakin meningkat seiring bervariasinya menu masakan Jepang di Indonesia pada sejumlah hotel, restoran dan katering. Pengendalian impor terhadap komoditas harus dilakukan sebagai upaya mengurangi defisit neraca perdagangan. Pengendalian impor ikan salmon-trout sangat penting dilakukan karena merupakan produk pesaing ikan lokal dan berpotensi menurunkan permintaan terhadap ikan lokal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi pengendalian impor ikan salmon-trout terutama untuk konsumsi hotel, restoran, katering, pasar modern (Horekapasmod) dan industri pengolahan ikan (re-ekspor). Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data primer berasal dari wawancara dan diskusi dengan pemangku kepentingan impor salmon-trout pada bulan bulan Maret hingga September 2019 di DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Timur sebagai pintu masuk impor utama ikan salmon-trout. Data sekunder juga dikumpulkan dari berbagai institusi seperti BPS dan berbagai hasil penelitian beberapa perguruan tinggi. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analysis hierarchy process (AHP) untuk merumuskan strategi pengendalian impor salmon-trout. Strategi pengendalian impor salmon-trout berdasarkan hasil analisis disusun berdasarkan prioritas. Prioritas pertama dengan bobot nilai 0,413 adalah sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang jenis ikan yang memiliki kandungan gizi sama dengan salmon-trout. Prioritas kedua adalah peningkatan ketersediaan dan perbaikan kualitas ikan lokal yang potensial mensubstitusi salmon-trout dengan bobot 0.363. Prioritas ketiga adalah mengikuti kerjasama perdagangan internasional untuk ekspansi pasar ekspor khususnya untuk fillet salmon-trout dengan bobot sebesar 0,224. Pelaksanaan strategi tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan konsumsi ikan lokal yang asupan gizinya tidak kalah dengan salmon-trout sehingga alokasi impor dalam negeri dapat dikurangi secara bertahap.Title: Salmon-Trout Import Control Strategies for Domestic Market ConsumptionSalmon-trout imports has increased along with the growth of hotels, restaurants and restaurants with Japanese cuisine in Indonesia. Control of imports of commodities must be done as an effort to reduce the trade balance deficit. Import control of salmon-trout is very important because it is a local fish competitor and has the potential to reduce demand for local fish. Therefore, this study aims to formulate a salmon-trout import control strategy especially for hotels, restaurants, catering, retails and processing industry (re-export) consumption. Primary and secondary data were used in this study, primary data derived from interviews and discussions with salmon-trout importer stakeholders in March to September 2019 in DKI Jakarta and East Java as the main entry point for salmon-trout import. Secondary data was also collected and from various institutions such as BPS and various research results from several universities. The data collected then analyzed using the hierarchical process analysis (AHP) method to formulate salmon-trout import control strategies. Salmon-trout import control strategies based on the results of the analysis are arranged according to priority. The first priority with a weight value of 0.413 is socialization and education to the public about the types of fish that have the same nutritional content as Salmon-Trout. The second priority is increasing availability and improving the quality of local fish which has the potential to substitute Salmon-Trout with a weight of 0.363. The third priority is to participate in international trade cooperation for the expansion of export markets specifically for salmon-trout fillets with a weight of 0.224. The implementation of this strategy is expected to increase the consumption of local fish which are nutritionally inferior to salmon-trout so that the allocation of imports is gradually reduced.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Virda Zikria

Coffee is one of commodities that has important role in the national economy in generating foreign exchange, providing employment and industrial raw materials. This study aims to identify the base areas for coffee production and the role of coffee in supporting regional development in Central Aceh Regency. The data used are secondary data for the time period 2015-2019. The data analysis method used are the location quotient analysis, locality, specialization, basic service ratio analysis and regional multiplier. The results showed that the coffee base areas based on production indicators in Central Aceh Regency were all district in Central Aceh Regency except Silih Nara District. Arabica coffee commodity farming is not localized and concentrated in one particular district but spreads in several districts and does not specialize in coffee commodity farming. Coffee farming is able to support regional development activities in Central Aceh Regency.Keywords: Coffee, Location quotient, Localization, Specialization 


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Susianti Susianti

This study aims to analyze the role of folk/household handicraft businesses in the context of employment and building a small economic community through the analysis of factors affecting the income of household craftsmen in the Bantul Regency. Problems that are still encountered in the household handicraft business are related to business activities carried out traditionally and the scale of business is still limited. So this has an impact on the amount of product produced is still limited, and indirectly the level of income is still low. To increase production efforts means the factors that support it are needed. Data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The quantitative analysis used is multiple regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Based on the results of descriptive analysis, the main reason that encourages the craftsmen to run a household handicraft business in Bantul Regency is the main work to obtain and add income to meet their needs. And the household handicraft business plays a role in employment in Bantul Regency by 13.69%. Meanwhile, based on the regression results, the variable of business capital and raw materials have positive and significant coefficients. Where business capital is the variable that has the most influence on the income of craftsmen household crafts in Bantul Regency.


Author(s):  
Doni Sahat Tua Manalu ◽  
Tri Armyanti

ABSTRAK Gambir merupakan ekstrak kering dari daun dan ranting dari tanaman Uncaria gambir (hunter) roxb, tanaman perkebunan yang banyak diusahakan melalui perkebunan rakyat di Indonesia. Negara tujuan ekspor utama gambir Indonesia adalah India, Bangladesh, Jepang, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapura serta beberapa negara lain. Selain katekin, tanin juga banyak digunakan dalam berbagai aktivitas industri hilir. Industri-industri yang menggunakan bahan baku tanin seperti industri kulit, industri tekstil, industri farmasi, industri logam, laboratorium dan industri perekat. Hingga saat ini masih banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan gambir salah satunya adalah upaya peningkatan nilai tambah gambir di Indonesia. Nilai tambah yang diperoleh dari pengolahan getah gambir kering dan produk antara seperti tanin dan katekin sebagai bahan baku bagi berbagai industri hilir. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai tambah dari masing-masing hasil olahan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengembangan industri dan potensi pemasaran gambir di Indonesia. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Kemudian dilakukan dianalisis deskriptif terhadap data yang diperoleh. Analisis nilai tambah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode analisis nilai tambah Hayami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tambah produk olahan gambir memberikan rasio nilai tambah dan juga keuntungan perusahaan yang lebih tinggi pada gambir yang diolah menjadi katecin, kemudian tanin sangat jauh berbeda jika gambir hanya dijual dalam bentuk gambir kering. Kata Kunci : Gambir, Katekin, Nilai Tambah, Tanin ABSTRACT Gambir is a dry extract of leaves and twigs from the Uncaria gambir (hunter) roxb plant, which is mostly cultivated through community plantations in Indonesia. The main export destination countries of Indonesian gambir are India, Bangladesh, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore and several other countries. In addition to catechins, tannins are also widely used in various downstream industrial activities. Industries that use tannin raw materials such as the leather industry, textile industry, pharmaceutical industry, metal industry, laboratories and adhesives industries. Until now there are still many problems faced in the development of gambir, one of which is an effort to increase gambir added value in Indonesia. The added value obtained from the processing of dried gambier sap and intermediate products such as tannins and catechins as raw materials for various downstream industries. This study aims to analyze the added value of each processed product to obtain an overview of industry development and gambir marketing potential in Indonesia. The data source used in the study is secondary data. The type of data used is qualitative data and quantitative data. Then carried out descriptive analysis of the data. Value added analysis was carried out using the Hayami value-added analysis method approach. The results showed that the added value of gambir processed products gave a higher ratio of value added and company profits to gambir which was processed into catechins, then tannins were very much different if gambier was only sold in the form of dried gambir. Keywords: Gambir, Catechins, Added Value, Tanin


2020 ◽  
Vol 20(35) (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak ◽  
Karolina Sowa

Due to the deficit in feed protein from domestic production, EU countries are significant importers of legume crops and meals, including soybean and soybean meal. The aim of the paper is to present changes in soybean production and trade in selected EU countries in 2000-2017. Secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) database were used in the research. The following issues were discussed: the changes in the volume of soybean production in the countries of its largest producers in the EU, the value and quantity of trade flows in the countries of the largest exporters and importers, their share in trade and trade balance. The volume of soybean production in the EU countries has increased more slowly than the demand for high-protein fodder raw materials, resulting in an increase in the value of soybean imports and making EU countries net importers of this raw material. Unlike in Poland, the increase in the value of imports was not due to an increase in its volume. The Netherlands, Spain and Germany were the largest soybean importers in the EU.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Gustafito J.M. Wehantouw ◽  
Oktavianus ., Porajouw ◽  
Melissa L.G. Taroreh

The research aims to describe the role of the agricultural sector in the economy in Bitung City from 2010 to 2019. The study was conducted for 3 months from June 2020 to September 2020. The type of data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Bitung City, namely in the form of GRDP of Bitung City and North Sulawesi Province for the period 2010 to 2019. Supporting data is in the form of other secondary data relevant to this study. The data collected were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results showed that the contribution of the agricultural sector to the GRDP of Bitung City in 2019 was 16.6 percent, although it has decreased since 2010 by 17.8 percent, but the agricultural sector still ranks second after the manufacturing sector with a contribution of 32.84 percent in in 2019. The growth of the agricultural sector, although fluctuating, tends to increase from 6.33 percent in 2012 to 9.06 percent in 2019. The LQ value of the agricultural sector, even though it was less than one in 2019, was 0.85, but continues to increase compared to last year. 2010 amounted to 0.75, and the agricultural sector, especially the capture or fishing fisheries sub-sector, is the exporting sector to other districts / cities in North Sulawesi Province. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the agricultural sector has an important role in the economy of Bitung City, because this sector is not only an exporting sector, especially the capture fisheries sub-sector, but also as a provider of raw materials for the processing industry in Bitung City.


Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunto Wibowo

<em>The agricultural sector</em><em> is a strategic sector in Manokwari regency. The agricultural sector provides a major contribution in the regional economy, an economic base of rural people, dominate the life of most residents in this region and provider of food and raw materials for other sectors. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the contribution of different sub-sectors that exist in the agricultural sector, which analyzes sectors influential in changing the economic structure of agriculture in the area and know the potential commodities that can be developed in an effort to enhance the role of the agricultural sector. The research method used through literature study and analysis of secondary data sourced from the relevant authorities. To find out how big the factors that influence changes in economic structures of domination of the agricultural sector into non-agricultural sector estimates used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). For the determination of the potential commodities that can be seeded used method approach Location Quotient (LQ). The results showed the greatest contribution of the different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector contained in the food crops sub-sector. Based on the rate of growth per year, plantation crops sub-sector occupied the highest positions. The sectors that provide real impact on the agricultural sector's contribution to the regional gross domestic product �of the building sector and services sector. Potential commodities that can be developed in different areas in Manokwari regency include food crops and pulses, vegetables and fruits and livestock including cows, goats, pigs and chicken.</em>


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