Uncertainty analysis of factors affecting coating thickness distribution during nickel electrodeposition

This work aims to study the influence of the spraying parameters on the spray flow field and coating thickness distribution during the air spraying process. The shaping air pressure and the target geometry have an important influence on the distribution of coating film thickness. This paper begins with a 3-D physical model of an air spray gun, in which unstructured grids were generated for control domain. A grid independency study was also carried out to determine the optimal number of cells for the simulations. Then the Euler–Lagrange method was used to describe the two-phase spray flow by establishing a paint deposition model. The numerical simulation based on the discrete phase model (DPM) and TAB model has been carried out. A reasonable assumption was proposed based on the analysis of the spraying process, so that the droplets were injected into the airflow at the position of the paint hole. The influence of the shaping air pressure on the air flow field and the coating thickness distribution was analyzed by changing the shaping air pressure. From the numerical simulation results, it can be concluded that the smaller the shaping air pressure, the more concentrated the coating. With increasing the shaping air pressure, the length of the coating film along z-axis gradually increases, the width along x-axis gradually decreases, and the spray area gradually increases. The paper ends with a numerical simulation and experimental study on planar vertical spraying, planar tilted spraying, and cylinder spraying. Comparisons and experiment results verify the validity and practicability of the model built in this paper.

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MEASUREMENT THICKNESS OF PROTECTIVE-DECORATIVE COATINGS ON CONCRETE BASES

Kontrol Diagnostika ◽

10.14489/td.2020.05.pp.046-050 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-50

Author(s):

A. S. Bulatov ◽

A. A. Popov

Keyword(s):

Coating Thickness ◽

Ultrasonic Testing ◽

Delay Line ◽

Measurement Process ◽

Single Element ◽

Thickness Gauge ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Dry Film Thickness ◽

Ultrasonic Thickness ◽

Reference Samples

The factors affecting to the ultrasonic testing of the coating thickness on concrete are considered. The structure and design of the transducer used to solve this problem. Features of the organization of the measurement process are described. Options for creating reference samples for tuning and testing ultrasonic thickness gauges used to solve this problem. The results of measuring the thickness of the polyurethane coating on concrete obtained on the Bulat 3 device using a specialized transducer are presented. The characteristics of concrete, which necessitate the use of special protective and decorative materials (surface abrasion, insufficient density, low hydrophobicity, etc.), and the characteristics of organic polymer coatings (adhesion, elasticity, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and hardness), which depend significantly on dry film thickness (protective layer). It is indicated that in order for the coating to ensure the fulfillment of the declared parameters taking into account economic feasibility, it is necessary to fulfill the requirements for a given minimum coating thickness, and that the use of the ultrasonic testing method seems to be the optimal method for measuring the coating thickness. Factors affecting the measurement process (the ratio of acoustic impedances, reflection coefficient and its variation range for various types of concrete and the most common coatings) are also considered. It is indicated that, based on a number of experiments with different types of transducers (dual element, single element and single element with the delay line), the maximum sensitivity and measurement range are ensured by using a direct single element transducer with a delay line. The data on the choice of the operating frequency of the transducer is given, depending on the range of measured coating thicknesses. The design and construction of the transducer, the features of the construction of its elements and their influence on the transducer characteristics, the principle of measuring the coating thickness and its implementation on the Bulat 3 ultrasonic thickness gauge are described. The char-acteristics of the device that allowed it to be used for such measurements are indicated. Information is provided on various options for the implementation of reference samples of the coating, on the methodology for their testing and the measurement results.

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Influence of photoinitiator and curing conditions on polymerization kinetics and gloss of UV-cured coatings

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-007-0052-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

V. Jančovičová ◽

J. Kindernay ◽

Z. Jakubíková ◽

I. Mrlláková

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Coating Thickness ◽

Uv Light ◽

Uv Curing ◽

Polymerization Kinetics ◽

Curing Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Factors

AbstractPolymerization kinetics and gloss of different formulations of coatings at different UV curing conditions were studied. The results showed that the photoinitiator type, its concentration, sample coating thickness, as well as the UV light intensity were the most significant factors affecting the polymerization course and the gloss of UV-cured films. The increasing concentration of the photoinitiator and the UV light intensity significantly decreased the gloss of the cured surface. The influence of the sample coating thickness on the kinetics and final gloss was also considerable.

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Factors Affecting Mortar Thickness Distribution and Its Relationship to Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures

10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_117 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 919-926

Author(s):

Hussain U. Bahia ◽

Jiwang Jiang ◽

Ying Lia

Keyword(s):

Thickness Distribution ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Cracking Resistance ◽

Factors Affecting

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Angle Dependent XRF for the Analysis of Thin Al(x)Ga(1-x)As Layers on GaAs and Thin Zn Layers on Steel

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800018875 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 263-271

Author(s):

Horst Ebel ◽

Maria F. Ebel ◽

Robert Svagera ◽

Martin Heller ◽

Roland Kaitna

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Coating Thickness ◽

Thickness Distribution ◽

Depth Profiling ◽

Incident Radiation ◽

Selective Excitation ◽

Atomic Ratio ◽

Angular Range ◽

Gaas Substrates ◽

Reference Samples

AbstractDepth profiling is performed by monochromatic primary excitation using variable incidence and take-off angles, A proper choice of the photon energy and the angular range of incident radiation allows depth profiling of layered structures without comparison to reference samples. The method has been verified for two different systems. Thin Al(x)Ga(1-x)As-layers on GaAs substrates are characterized by thickness D and atomic ratio x. For an excitation of AlKα-radiation by SiKα-radiation from a secondary target, the lower limit of measurement is layer thicknesses of 40 to 80 nm at x=0.6 to 0.4. Zn-coatings on steel have been investigated with CuKα radiation for selective excitation of FeKα-radiation from the substrate and with GeKα radiation for the excitation of ZnKα radiation from the layer. The scatter of the results required a measurement of the lateral homogeneity of the coating thickness. These experiments have been performed by step scanning in steps of 1 mm under fixed incidence and take-off geometry over an area of 30mm*30mm and excitation with unfiltered radiation from a Cu target diffraction tube with a beam cross section of less than 1 mm2. The obtained thickness distribution of ±20% has been confirmed by electron micrographs.

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Multimodal Optical Detection of Intravaginal Microbicide Gel Coating Thickness Distribution

Optics in the Life Sciences ◽

10.1364/omp.2011.otub5 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tyler K. Drake ◽

Jennifer Peters ◽

Marcus Henderson ◽

Michael DeSoto ◽

David Katz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coating Thickness ◽

Thickness Distribution ◽

Optical Detection

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Uncertain outcomes: adjusting for misclassification in antimalarial efficacy studies

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268810001652 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139 (4) ◽

pp. 544-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. A. PORTER ◽

C. L. BURCH ◽

C. POOLE ◽

J. J. JULIANO ◽

S. R. COLE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uncertainty Analysis ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Study Data ◽

False Positives ◽

Transmission Intensity ◽

False Negatives ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Uncertain Outcomes

SUMMARYEvaluation of antimalarial efficacy is difficult because recurrent parasitaemia can be due to recrudescence or re-infection. PCR is used to differentiate between recrudescences and re-infections by comparing parasite allelic variants before and after treatment. However, PCR-corrected results are susceptible to misclassification: false positives, due to re-infection by the same variant present in the patient before treatment; and false negatives, due to variants that are present but too infrequent to be detected in the pre-treatment PCR, but are then detectable post-treatment. This paper aimed to explore factors affecting the probability of false positives and proposes a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to account for both types of misclassification. Higher levels of transmission intensity, increased multiplicity of infection, and limited allelic variation resulted in more false recrudescences. The uncertainty analysis exploits characteristics of study data to minimize bias in the estimate of efficacy and can be applied to areas of different transmission intensity.

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