Current and predicted global change impacts of UVR, temperature and nutrient inputs on photosynthesis and respiration of key marine phytoplankton groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco J. Cabrerizo ◽  
Presentación Carrillo ◽  
Virginia E. Villafañe ◽  
E. Walter Helbling
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

scholarly journals Ocean-related global change alters lipid biomarker production in common marine phytoplankton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Bi ◽  
Stefanie M. H. Ismar-Rebitz ◽  
Ulrich Sommer ◽  
Hailong Zhang ◽  
Meixun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Lipid Biomarker

Abstract. Global change concurrently alters multiple environmental factors, with uncertain consequences for marine ecosystems. Lipids, in their function as trophic markers in food webs and organic matter source indicators in water column and sediments, provide a tool for reconstructing the complexity of global change effects. It remains unclear how ongoing changes in multiple environmental drivers affect the production of key lipid biomarkers in marine phytoplankton. Here, we tested the responses of sterols, alkenones and fatty acids (FAs) in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the cryptophyte Rhodomonas sp. and the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi under a full-factorial combination of three temperatures (12, 18 and 24 °C), three N : P supply ratios (molar ratios 10 : 1, 24 : 1 and 63 : 1) and two pCO2 levels (560 and 2400 µatm) in semi-continuous culturing experiments. Overall, N and P deficiency had a stronger effect on per-cell contents of sterols, alkenones and FAs than warming and enhanced pCO2. Specifically, P deficiency caused an overall increase in biomarker production in most cases, while N deficiency, warming and high pCO2 caused non-systematic changes. Under future ocean scenarios, we predict an overall decrease in carbon-normalized contents of sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in E. huxleyi and P. tricornutum, and a decrease in sterols but an increase in PUFAs in Rhodomonas sp. Variable contents of lipid biomarkers indicate a diverse carbon allocation between marine phytoplankton species in response to changing environments. Thus, it is necessary to consider the changes in key lipids and their consequences for food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycles, when predicting the influence of global change on marine ecosystems.

Photosynthesis and respiration in marine phytoplankton: Relationship with cell size, taxonomic affiliation, and growth phase

2014 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daffne C. López-Sandoval ◽  
Tamara Rodríguez-Ramos ◽  
Pedro Cermeño ◽  
Cristina Sobrino ◽  
Emilio Marañón
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

scholarly journals Comment on ''Effects of long-term high CO<sub>2</sub> exposure on two species of coccolithophore'' by Müller et al. (2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2199-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Price Equation ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Marine Microbes ◽  
Marine Microbe

Abstract. Populations can respond to environmental change over tens or hundreds of generations by shifts in phenotype that can be the result of a sustained physiological response, evolutionary (genetic) change, shifts in community composition, or some combination of these factors. Microbes evolve on human timescales, and evolution may contribute to marine phytoplankton responses to global change over the coming decades. However, it is still unknown whether evolutionary responses are likely to contribute significantly to phenotypic change in marine microbial communities under high pCO2 regimes or other aspects of global change. Recent work by Müller et al. (2010) highlights that long-term responses of marine microbes to global change must be empirically measured and the underlying cause of changes in phenotype explained. Here, I briefly discuss how tools from experimental microbial evolution may be used to detect and measure evolutionary responses in marine phytoplankton grown in high CO2 environments and other environments of interest. I outline why the particular biology of marine microbes makes conventional experimental evolution challenging right now and make a case that marine microbes are good candidates for the development of new model systems in experimental evolution. I suggest that "black box" frameworks that focus on partitioning phenotypic change, such as the Price equation, may be useful in cases where direct measurements of evolutionary responses alone are difficult, and that such approaches could be used to test hypotheses about the underlying causes of phenotypic shifts in marine microbe communities responding to global change.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of riverine nutrient inputs in the northern Bay of Biscay (France), and patterns of marine phytoplankton response

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Guillaud ◽  
Alain Aminot ◽  
Daniel Delmas ◽  
Francis Gohin ◽  
Michel Lunven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Nutrient Inputs

High local nutrient input influence on oligotrophic phytoplankton production and lipid biogeochemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihana Novak ◽  
Blaženka Gašparović ◽  
Ivna Vrana Špoljarić ◽  
Milan Čanković
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

&lt;p&gt;Marine phytoplankton are crucial for ecosystem function and responsible for almost half of world&amp;#8217;s primary production. In order to grow and reproduce phytoplankton need sufficient amount of macro and micro nutrients. Nutrient concentrations are changeable in different water mases and dependable on different natural and anthropogenic sources such as terrestrial water inputs, recycling by sloppy feeding, remineralization with bacteria and atmospheric deposition. High nutrient input to oligotrophic regions raises phytoplankton biomass that leads to higher organic matter production and heterotrophs` development.&amp;#160; Anthropogenic nutrient inputs are considered as the main cause of coastal eutrophication. Marine lipids, dominantly produced by phytoplankton, are good biogeochemical traces of organic matter origin and processing in marine environment and phytoplankton adaptation to environmental perturbations. They are important for multiple cell mechanisms functioning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The goal of this research was to investigate the influence of a point source of nutrients on organic matter production and lipid composition as a consequence of phytoplankton acclimation to different nutrient loads. We sampled at two geographically close stations in the Krka River Estuary mouth, oligo- to mesotrophic Martinska station and station in vicinity of the town of &amp;#352;ibenik that is under high anthropogenic influence. Samples were taken from three depths (above, on and below halocline) and in four different seasons covering annual cycle. Lipid classes were characterized by thin&amp;#8211;layer chromatography&amp;#8211;flame ionization detection. Data are supported by hydrographic, dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon parameters. We will discuss the changes of organic matter accumulation and estuarine lipid biogeochemistry caused by human activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acknowledgement&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This research was financed by the Croatian Science Foundation project BiREADI (IP-2018-01-3105).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Long-term trends in ocean plankton production and particle export between 1960–2006

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7373-7393 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Laufkötter ◽  
M. Vogt ◽  
N. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Export Production ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Particle Export

Abstract. We analyse long-term trends in marine primary and particle export production and their link to marine phytoplankton community composition for the period 1960–2006 using a hindcast simulation of the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling Model coupled to the ocean component of the Community Climate System Model. In our simulation, global primary and export production decrease significantly over the last 50 yr, by 6.5% and 8% respectively. These changes are associated with an 8.5% decrease in small phytoplankton biomass and 5% decrease in zooplankton biomass. Diatom biomass decreases globally by 3%, but with strong temporal and spatial variability. The strongest decreases in primary and export production occur in the western Pacific, where enhanced stratification leads to stronger nutrient limitation and a decrease in total phytoplankton. The concurrent decrease in diatom fraction and in zooplankton biomass causes a lower export efficiency in this region. Substantial phytoplankton composition changes also occur in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, although these are masked in part by a high degree of interannual variability. In these regions, stronger wind stress enhances mixing, reducing the biomass of small phytoplankton, while diatoms profit from higher nutrient inputs and lower grazing pressure. The relative fraction of diatoms correlates positively with the export efficiency (r = 0.8, p < 0.05) in most areas except for the North Pacific and Antarctic Circumpolar Current, where the correlation is negative (r = –0.5, p < 0.05). However, the long-term trends in global export efficiency are ultimately driven by the reduction in small phytoplankton and particularly decreases in coccolithophore biomass. The diagnosed trends point toward a substantial sensitivity of marine primary production and export to climatic variations and trends.

Physio-ecological responses of Patagonian coastal marine phytoplankton in a scenario of global change: Role of acidification, nutrients and solar UVR

2015 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Villafañe ◽  
Macarena S. Valiñas ◽  
Marco J. Cabrerizo ◽  
E. Walter Helbling
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Ecological Responses ◽  
Coastal Marine

scholarly journals Multiple global change stressor effects on phytoplankton nutrient acquisition in a future ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1798) ◽  
pp. 20190706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedmer B. Van de Waal ◽  
Elena Litchman
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Microbial Groups

Predicting the effects of multiple global change stressors on microbial communities remains a challenge because of the complex interactions among those factors. Here, we explore the combined effects of major global change stressors on nutrient acquisition traits in marine phytoplankton. Nutrient limitation constrains phytoplankton production in large parts of the present-day oceans, and is expected to increase owing to climate change, potentially favouring small phytoplankton that are better adapted to oligotrophic conditions. However, other stressors, such as elevated p CO 2 , rising temperatures and higher light levels, may reduce general metabolic and photosynthetic costs, allowing the reallocation of energy to the acquisition of increasingly limiting nutrients. We propose that this energy reallocation in response to major global change stressors may be more effective in large-celled phytoplankton species and, thus, could indirectly benefit large-more than small-celled phytoplankton, offsetting, at least partially, competitive disadvantages of large cells in a future ocean. Thus, considering the size-dependent responses to multiple stressors may provide a more nuanced understanding of how different microbial groups would fare in the future climate and what effects that would have on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology’.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in ocean plankton production and particle export between 1960–2006

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5923-5975 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Laufkötter ◽  
M. Vogt ◽  
N. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Export Production ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Particle Export

Abstract. We analyse long-term trends in marine primary and particle export production and their link to marine phytoplankton community composition over the period 1950–2006 using a hindcast simulation of the ocean component of the Community Climate System Model to which the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling Model had been coupled. In our simulation, global primary and export production decreased by 6% and 7%, respectively over the last 50 yr. These changes go along with a 8% decrease in small phytoplankton biomass and 5% decrease in zooplankton biomass. Diatom biomass decreases by 3% with strong temporal and spatial variability. Strongest decreases in primary and export production occured in the Western Pacific, where increased stratification leads to a decrease in total phytoplankton and a decrease in diatom fraction. This causes decreases in zooplankton biomass and a lower export efficiency. Strong phytoplankton composition changes occur in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, where increased wind stress leads to stronger mixing, which reduces the biomass of small phytoplankton, while diatoms profit from higher nutrient inputs and lower grazing pressure. The relative fraction of diatoms correlates positively with the export efficiency (r = 0.8) in most areas except the Northern Pacific and Antarctic Circumpolar Current, where the correlation is negative (r = −0.5). However, long-term trends in global export efficiency are ultimately driven by decreases in small phytoplankton and consequent decreases in coccolithophore biomass.

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