The evolution of compost stability and maturity during the full-scale treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

India generates 0.15 million metric tons (MT) of solid waste per day out of which more than 80% is organic fraction. Apart from this, 38% of the households use septic tanks where proper disposal of faecal sludge is also need of the hour. Anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) of two different substrates has positive potential towards solving this problem. In the present study, ACD of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and septage solids (SS) was studied at three different levels, i.e., lab-scale, pilot-scale (1 m3), and full scale- capacity (325 m3). A loading rate of 1.5 kg VS/m3 was selected. The bio-methanation potential (BMP) assay showed a maximum biogas generation, i.e., 120±20.6 mL/gmVS with 68% maximum methane concentration at a 5:1 OFMSW and SS ratio. Cumulative biogas production after 30 days was 1.6 L/gmVS. The ultimate biogas production in the pilot-scale plant was 1000±100.5 L/day with 71% methane. The plant was also efficient in removing 87% of COD and 61% of VS. The full-scale anaerobic digester was set up at Mormugao Municpal Council, Goa India wherein the objective was to co-digest OFMSW and SS. This digester showed a similar removal pattern like earlier studies i.e., 94% and 45% COD and VS removal, respectively. The average methane content of the biogas was 68%. Full-scale operation of the anaerobic digester did not show any operational problems at the chosen co-digestion conditions.

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Co-digestion of energy crops and the source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0520 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (1-2) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Å. Nordberg ◽

M. Edström

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Energy Crops ◽

Full Scale ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Technical Performance ◽

Reduced Viscosity

The biological and technical performance during co-digestion of energy crops and the source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste has been investigated at laboratory and pilot scale. A 50:50 (TS-based) mixture of energy crops and organic waste reached a loading rate of 6.0 gVS L−1d−1 with a methane yield of 0.33–0.38 L gVS−1, while a 80:20 mixture showed elevated levels of volatile fatty acids at 5.5 gVS L−1d−1 The better performance of the 50:50 mixture can partly be explained by a better nutritional composition. Mincing the ley crop reduced viscosity and reduced problems with fibre floating and scum-blanket formation. The electricity consumed for mincing and stirring at a full-scale plant corresponds to ca 3% of the energy produced. Calculations of the costs for full-scale plants indicate that the price of the up-graded biogas has to be at least 0.078 Euro/kWh in order to balance the costs.

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Carbon Monoxide Formation during Aerobic Biostabilization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: The Influence of Technical Parameters in a Full-Scale Treatment System

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13215624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5624

Author(s):

Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska ◽

Peter F. Randerson ◽

Sarah R. Christofides ◽

Andrzej Białowiec

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Full Scale ◽

Treatment System ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Technical Parameters ◽

Process Gas ◽

Co Concentration ◽

Mass Loads

The present study sought to investigate the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) during aerobic biostabilization (AB) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in forced aerated piles. Understanding the factors influencing CO formation may be important not only for safety, but also for environmental and technical reasons. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the technical parameters of the piles on the concentration of CO in the process gas during AB of the OFMSW in a full-scale waste treatment system: rate of waste aeration (from 3365 to 12,744 m3∙Mg−1), waste mass loads in the pile (from 391 to 702 Mg), thermal conditions, application of sidewalls as an element of pile bioreactor construction, concentration of O2 and CO2 in the waste piles and the duration of the process from 6 to 9 weeks. The temperature and concentration of O2, CO2, CO, CH4 were measured in each pile at weekly intervals. All six reactors provide stable thermal and aerobic conditions, but the presence of CO was observed, ranging from a few to over 2000 ppm, which demonstrated that ensuring optimum conditions for the process is not sufficient for CO to be eliminated. A moderate, non-linear rise in CO concentration was observed along with a rise in the temperature inside the reactors. Concentrations of CO were not highly correlated with those of O2 or CO2. An increase in waste mass loads increased the CO concentration in waste piles, while application of sidewalls decreased CO concentration. Increasing aeration rate had an influence on CO production, and the highest CO concentrations were noted under air flow rate 5.3 m3·Mg−1·h−1.

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Substituting energy crops with organic fraction of municipal solid waste for biogas production at farm level: A full-scale plant study

Process Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.procbio.2009.03.014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 817-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Michele Pognani ◽

Giuliana D’Imporzano ◽

Barbara Scaglia ◽

Fabrizio Adani

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Energy Crops ◽

Full Scale ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Farm Level

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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Organic Fraction to Energy. Cuban Case Study. Brief Considerations

Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates ◽

10.15377/2409-5818.2015.02.02.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Oscar Cabeza ◽

◽

Alfredo Alonso ◽

Yoel Lastre ◽

Jorge Medina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Fraction

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EFFECT OF HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME ON THERMOPHILIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PAPER-CONTAINING ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser G (Environmental Research) ◽

10.2208/jscejer.74.iii_195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. III_195-III_203

Author(s):

Aijun ZHU ◽

Jing WU ◽

Yu QIN ◽

Toshimasa HOJO ◽

Yu-You LI

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Retention Time ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion

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Economic and environmental assessment of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

Bioresources and Bioprocessing ◽

10.1186/s40643-021-00392-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jon Kepa Izaguirre ◽

Leire Barañano ◽

Sonia Castañón ◽

José A. L. Santos ◽

M. Teresa Cesário ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Environmental Assessment ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

The Cost

AbstractThe management of municipal solid waste is a major logistic and environmental problem worldwide. Nonetheless, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a valuable source of nutrients which can be used for a variety of purposes, according to the Circular Economy paradigm. Among the possible applications, the bioproduction of a biodegradable polyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)], using OFMSW as carbon platform is a promising strategy. Here, an economic and environmental assessment of bacterial P(3HB) production from OFMSW is presented based on previously published results. The SuperPro Designer® software was used to simulate P(3HB) production under our experimental parameters. Two scenarios were proposed depending on the fermentation medium: (1) enzymatic hydrolysate of OFMSW supplemented with glucose and plum waste juice; and (2) basal medium supplemented with glucose and plum waste juice. According to our results, both scenarios are not economically feasible under our experimental parameters. In Scenario 1, the low fermentation yield, the cost of the enzymes, the labour cost and the energy consumption are the factors that most contribute to that result. In Scenario 2, the cost of the extraction solvent and the low fermentation yield are the most limiting factors. The possibility of using process waste as raw material for the generation of other products must be investigated to enhance economic feasibility. From an environmental viewpoint, the photochemical oxidation potential (derived from the use of anisole as extraction solvent) and the generation of acid rain and global warming effect (caused by the burning of fuels for power generation) are the most relevant impacts associated to P(3HB) production under our experimental parameters.

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Environmental impact assessment of organic fraction of municipal solid waste treatment by anaerobic digestion in Sri Lanka

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x211013405 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0734242X2110134

Author(s):

Rasangika Thathsaranee Weligama Thuppahige ◽

Sandhya Babel

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Resource Scarcity ◽

Policy Formation ◽

Ozone Formation ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Management Options

The management of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) has continued to be a significant challenge in Sri Lanka. Anaerobic digestion is one of the management options of OFMSW. However, it generates unavoidable environmental impacts that should be addressed. The present study focuses to assess the environmental impact of a full-scale anaerobic digestion plant in Sri Lanka from a life cycle perspective. The inventory data were obtained from direct interviews and field measurements. Environmental burdens were found to be in terms of global warming potential (230 kg CO2 eq) ozone formation on human health (6.15 × 10−6 kg NO x eq), freshwater eutrophication (2.92 × 10−3 kg P eq), freshwater ecotoxicity (9.27 × 10−5 kg 1,4 DCB eq), human carcinogenic toxicity (3.98 × 10−4 kg 1,4 DCB eq), land use (1.32 × 10−4 m2 a crop eq) and water consumption (2.23 × 10−2 m3). The stratospheric ozone depletion, fine particulate matter formation, ozone formation on terrestrial ecosystems, terrestrial acidification, marine eutrophication, ecotoxicity (terrestrial and marine), human non-carcinogenic toxicity, mineral resource scarcity and fossil resource scarcity, were avoided due to electricity production. Results show that the direct gaseous emissions and digestate generation should be addressed in order to reduce the burdens from the anaerobic digestion plant. Finally, the results of the study could help in policy formation and decision-making in selecting future waste management systems in Sri Lanka.

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