Phosphorus speciation in soils with low to high degree of saturation due to swine slurry application

2021 ◽  
pp. 111553
Author(s):  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Abelino Anacleto de Souza Junior ◽  
Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta ◽  
Gilmar Luiz Mumbach ◽  
Stephanie Brooke Kulesza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Phosphorus Speciation ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
High Degree

scholarly journals THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN CYTOCHROME OXIDASE AND CARBON MONOXIDE

1957 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wald ◽  
David W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Hill Equation ◽  
Bohr Effect ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Percentage Saturation ◽  
Equilibrium Function ◽  
Hyperbolic Equilibrium ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Hill

An evolution argument which attempted to trace the development of hemoglobins from such respiratory pigments as cytochrome oxidase presupposed that the latter possesses, in addition to its high affinity for oxygen, an approximately hyperbolic equilibrium function, and little if any Bohr effect (decline in affinity for oxygen with rise in acidity). Since cytochrome oxidase, unlike hemoglobin, is irreversibly oxidized by oxygen, the present experiments examine its combination with carbon monoxide, with which, like hemoglobin, it yields a true equilibrium. In all known hemoglobins the form of the equilibrium function and the vigor of the Bohr effect are similar with carbon monoxide and with oxygen, so that observations involving the former gas are relevant to the relations of the latter. The equilibrium function of cytochrome oxidase with carbon monoxide—percentage saturation vs. partial pressure of CO—is slightly inflected (in the Hill equation n = 1.26; for a hyperbola, n = 1). No Bohr effect is present in the range of pH 7–8. The pressure of carbon monoxide at which half-saturation occurs (p50) is about 0.17 mm. at 10–13°C. The affinity for carbon monoxide is therefore higher than commonly supposed. These properties are consistent with the evolution argument. They are important also for the physiological functioning of cytochrome oxidase, the nearly hyperbolic equilibrium function facilitating a high degree of saturation, and the lack of Bohr effect making this enzyme impervious to hyperacidity. The slight inflection of the equilibrium function shows that the Fe-porphyrin units of cytochrome oxidase interact to a degree, hence that the enzyme must contain more than one such unit per molecule. It is suggested that in cytochrome oxidase two Fe-porphyrin groups may unite with one oxygen in the manner Fe++-O2-Fe++; and that the evolution of hemoglobins proceeded over a first stage in which the hemes were separated so that each combines with only one molecule of oxygen, so tending to remain reduced; to a further stage in which the separated hemes interact through the protein to facilitate one another in combining with oxygen.

scholarly journals Number of extractionsin determination of effective cation-exchange capacity

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The number of successive extractions with 1 M KCI needed for adequate estimation of effective cation-exchange capacity was studied with four mineral soils. The effective CEC estimated as the sum of equivalents of exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, H and Al extracted by four successive treatments ranged from 57 to 206 meq/kg soil. In three cultivated soils, 63—90 % of CEC was saturated by Ca and Mg, in the fourth soil (a deeper layer virgin soil), 60 % of CEC by exchangeable H and Al. By two successive treatments often minutes duration with 50ml of 1 M KCI, the equivalent sum of exchangeable cations extracted amounted to 83—92 % of effective CEC in cultivated soils and 67 % of that in virgin soil; >90 % of exchangeable Ca and Mg, 78—97 % of Al, 48—62 % of H and 28—64 % of Na were extracted. By three successive treatments the equivalent sum amounted to 79—96 % of effective CEC, by the single treatment of 30 minutes duration with 100ml of 1 M KCI to 57—79 %. Two successive extractions with 1 M KCI may be enough for estimation of effective CEC in cultivated mineral soils with high degree of saturation by exchangeable Ca and Mg. Soils with high degree of saturation by exchangeable acidity require three successive extractions.

Detergent-resistant microdomains (lipid rafts) in endomembranes of the wild halophytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Rozentsvet ◽  
Irina Nesterkina ◽  
Natalia Ozolina ◽  
Viktor Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Triton X ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Specific Lipid ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Detergent Resistant Membrane

In the present work, we studied detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRM) of chloroplasts and mitochondria – organelles that provide photosynthesis and respiration in a plant cell. The objects of the study were euhalophyte Salicorniaperennans Willd., which relates to salt-accumulating plants and glycohalophyte Artemisia santonica L., which relates to salt-excluder plants. To get DRM, the chloroplast and mitochondria fractions were solubilised with a solution containing Triton X-100. The resulting material was introduced in sucrose gradient of 35–25–15–5% and centrifuged at 200000 g, 2 h. The presence of an opalescent detergent-resistant zone of membranes in 15% sucrose layer and a specific lipid composition of this zone were the signs of successful rafts obtaining of. The isolated DRM are sterol- and cerebroside-enriched (27–89% of the sum of membrane lipids) domains with a high degree of saturation of fatty acids composition (more than 50% of the sum). The main DRM-specific lipids of chloroplast of A. santonica glycohalophyte are cerebrosides, whereas those of S. perennans euhalophyte are sterols. The revealed differences in the composition of raft-forming lipids in chloroplast and mitochondria halophyte membranes, differing in the salt-resistance strategy, suggest the participation of rafts in salt-resistance mechanisms.

Modelling and field measurements of water percolation through an experimental soil cover on mine tailings

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Woyshner ◽  
Ernest K. Yanful
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Experimental Soil ◽  
Varved Clay

A composite soil cover constructed on acid-producing tailings was evaluated for its ability to retain a high degree of water saturation and low hydraulic conductivity. The cover consisted of a 60 cm thick, compacted, nearly saturated, varved clay placed between two sand layers, each 30 cm thick. A final 10 cm thick gravel layer was placed on the upper sand layer to minimize erosion. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model and a finite-element flow model (SEEP/W) were applied, and the results corroborated with field measurements of percolation and soil-water content. Modelling predictions indicate that 4% of precipitation will percolate through the cover and that the intermediate clay layer will retain a high degree of saturation after a 20 year simulation. Four years of field monitoring also indicate that 4% of precipitation percolates through the cover and that the clay retains its high saturation. These results suggest that a properly designed and constructed soil cover can be effective in reducing acid production in reactive mine tailings. Key words : acid-producing tailings, soil cover, water saturation; capillary barrier, hydrologic processes.

scholarly journals The «nanoscalpel» for microsurgery of glial brain tumours

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
S.S. Zamay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Magnetic Disks ◽  
Primary Brain Tumours ◽  
Saturation Magnetisation ◽  
Neuroectodermal Origin ◽  
High Degree

Glial tumours are among the most common primary brain tumours of neuroectodermal origin characterised by infiltrative growth and widespread invasion of tumour cells into healthy tissue. A highly demanded method for therapy of such tumours may become magnetomechanical microsurgery substituting the scalpel with the «nanoscalpel» consisting of: (1) nanostructures converting the magnetic moment into the mechanical one, and (2) targeted ligands. Suitable structures for the nanoscalpel are magnetic disks with a high degree of saturation magnetisation and absent remanent magnetisation. The search for publications dated 1992-2021 was carried out in the PubMed and e-LIBRARY databases. The search keywords were «magnetic discs», «glial tumors», «microsurgery» and «magnetomechanical transduction». This review discusses biological effects of magnetic disks, their mechanism of action and toxicity. It has been concluded that a «nanoscalpel» remotely controlled using a magnetic field may become an effective and safe tool for microsurgery of glial brain tumours.

scholarly journals The reinforcement effects of deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation under dynamic compaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401878263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Wei ◽  
Yan Men ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Huilin Le ◽  
Haotian Fan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Soil Foundation ◽  
Soft Soil Foundation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Deep Soft Soil ◽  
Compaction Method

The dynamic compaction method is effective to reinforce soft soil foundation with a low degree of saturation. However, deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation has some different characteristics. It has been widely considered that dynamic compaction method is unsuitable to improve the characters of deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation. In this article, we will show that the dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering is effective to deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation reinforcement. In situ and laboratorial experiments are used to assess the reinforcement effect of the deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation. Our results show that the dynamic compaction method causes long dissipation time of pore water pressure, and the dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering makes construction time of a project 25% shorter. The effective depth of deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation reinforcement using the two experimental methods can reach to 8.0 m. In comparison with the total settlement and layered settlement of the dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering, the dynamic compaction method settlement is relatively smaller. For soils with depth of 4 m, the reinforcement effect of dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering is obviously superior to dynamic compaction method. Based on these results, we suggest construction procedures for different reinforcement depth of soils and construction time.

scholarly journals Muscle-Liver Substrate Fluxes in Exercising Humans and Potential Effects on Hepatic Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1196-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiu Hu ◽  
Miriam Hoene ◽  
Peter Plomgaard ◽  
Jakob S Hansen ◽  
Xinjie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Liver Transcriptome ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Context The liver is crucial to maintain energy homeostasis during exercise. Skeletal muscle-derived metabolites can contribute to the regulation of hepatic metabolism. Objective We aim to elucidate which metabolites are released from the working muscles and taken up by the liver in exercising humans and their potential influence on hepatic function. Methods In two separate studies, young healthy men fasted overnight and then performed an acute bout of exercise. Arterial-to-venous differences of metabolites over the hepato-splanchnic bed and over the exercising and resting leg were investigated by capillary electrophoresis- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics platforms. Liver transcriptome data of exercising mice were analyzed by pathway analysis to find a potential overlap between exercise-regulated metabolites and activators of hepatic transcription. Results During exercise, hepatic O2 uptake and CO2 delivery were increased two-fold. In contrast to all other free fatty acids (FFA), those FFA with 18 or more carbon atoms and a high degree of saturation showed a constant release in the liver vein and only minor changes by exercise. FFA 6:0 and 8:0 were released from the working leg and taken up by the hepato-splanchnic bed. Succinate and malate showed a pronounced hepatic uptake during exercise and were also released from the exercising leg. The transcriptional response in the liver of exercising mice indicates the activation of HIF-, NRF2-, and cAMP-dependent gene transcription. These pathways can also be activated by succinate. Conclusion Metabolites circulate between working muscles and the liver and may support the metabolic adaption to exercise by acting both as substrates and as signaling molecules.

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