Minimally invasive surgery for spine osteomyelitis treatment

The aim of the research is to study the results of minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of nonspecifi c infectious spine lesions, and to present personal experience. Material and methods. Three patients with purulent nonspecifi c spondylodiscitis of lumbar spine got minimally invasive surgical treatment. The essence of surgical intervention included X-ray-assisted placement of tubular retractors in the area of intervertebral disc aff ected by purulent process; debridement and irrigation with antiseptic solution of interbody space, and setting a drain tube. All patients were treated during the period from December 2016 to February 2019. They were examined before surgery and in 3 months aft er the discharge. Laboratory parameters (CBT, C-reactive protein, bacteriological analysis of intervertebral disc contents) and instrumental research methods (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) were evaluated. ODI, VAS, SF-36 questionnaires helped to assess pain syndrome and life quality of patients. Results. In 100 % of studied cases infection was caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The result of treatment in all cases was assessed as good, because pain syndrome, neurological disorders and inflammatory process were arrested; there were no signs of disease progression. In all cases, life quality of patients was restored. In one case, additional surgical intervention was required (posterior instrumental fi xation of spine) because of instability signs. Conclusion. Minimally invasive surgical treatment of purulent single-level spondylodiscites can be recommended for practical use. The use of such approache allows to verify purulent infection agent, to damage soft tissues less getting proper sanitation of interbody space. It also allows to stop the infection and restore life quality of a patient

Study of the anti-infl ammatory activity of the Potentilla anserina L on burn wounds in mice

The aim of the research. To investigate the anti-infl ammatory eff ect of Cinquefoil on a model of a thermal wound. Material and methods. A liquid extract in 70 % ethyl alcohol was obtained from dry crushed goose cinquefoil by the percolation method. Th e resulting extracts were evaporated under vacuum at a temperature of 50 °C. Th e dry residue was dissolved in water immediately before treatment at a dose of 250 mg / kg. Th e evaluation of anti-infl ammatory activity was carried out in an experiment on 20 white male mice. Th ermal skin burns were simulated in all animals. Th e burns were healed in an open way. During the entire experiment, the general condition of the experimental animals was assessed, body weight and temperature were determined, the appearance of wounds, appetite, and activity were assessed. For histological examination, a section of the skin was taken, including the burn zones and intact tissues. Paraffi n sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. An analysis of the results of the experimental study showed that all experimental animals, under the infl uence of high temperatures, developed a third degree thermal burn of the skin, characterized by damage to the entire thickness of the skin with complete death of hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. At the site of the burn, the skin was dense, motionless and insensitive to painful stimuli. Th e appearance of the wounds did not diff er between groups of animals. Comparative microscopy of the control and experimental groups showed that the depth of damage to the epidermis and dermis was more pronounced in the experimental group. In addition, in the same group, lymphocytic infi ltration of the dermis, hypodermis, the presence of a pronounced vascular reaction and edema of the dermis are more pronounced, which indicates a more pronounced infl ammatory. Conclusion. Th e analysis of the results obtained shows that in the treatment of burn wounds, the local application of the preparation Potentilla goose on the 4th day in the experiment does not lead to a pronounced anti-infl ammatory eff ect. However, the revealed lymphocytic infi ltration of the dermis and other histological parameters indicate more active processes in the tissues, which may subsequently lead to more accelerated wound cleansing and faster regeneration

20-years dynamics of tuberculosis and HIV mortality and of their contribution to life expectancy reduction in the population of Krasnoyarsk

Aim of the study. To study the dynamics of mortality from tuberculosis and HIV as well as their contribution to life expectancy reduction in Krasnoyarsk Krai population over a period of 20 years. Material and methods. We used primary databases of Krasnoyarsk Krai population mortality for the period from 1999 to 2018. The direct method of standardisation according to the European standard of population age structure was applied for calculation of the standardised population mortality ratio. In order to analyse mortality in the population of the WHO European region and the CIS, the data of the European health information gateway were used (https://gateway.euro.who.int). Results. It has been established that female mortality from certain infectious and parasitic diseases has increased signifi cantly (from 13.2 to 22.7 per 100,000 of female population) in the cause of death structure of Krasnoyarsk Krai within the 20-years period. Analysis of Krasnoyarsk Krai mortality from such specifi c conditions as tuberculosis and HIV has shown signifi cant decrease in tuberculosis mortality rate which complies with the global trend in the dynamics of mortality from this disease, while the rate of reduction for this index surpasses that of CIS countries. Th e analysis has established signifi cant growth of HIV mortality in Krasnoyarsk Krai population, especially female (up to 11.6 per 100,000 of female population). Conclusion. There has been a change of the leading mortality cause in the structure of population mortality from certain infectious and parasitic diseases over the period of 2016-2017. From that moment, the leading role in the cause of death structure of Krasnoyarsk Krai in this class of causes belongs to HIV

Structure approaches to study of DNA aptamers in solution

The high potential of aptamers – specifi c molecular agents based on short single-stranded nucleic acids – makes high demands on the molecules under development for the effi ciency of interaction with target biomolecules. In this work, approaches are considered for studying the spatial structure of DNA aptamers in solution using various complementary methods, which make it possible to obtain a more complete picture of the formation of the structure and conformational changes, to track the interaction with the target protein, the tendency to oligomerization, and to characterize the spatial structure of both individual molecules and complexes.

Aptamers selection for platelets using droplet digital PCR

The aim of the research. To obtain aptamers-inhibitors of platelet glycoprotein IIb / IIIa receptors, blocking platelet aggregation. Material and methods. Th e selection of aptamers for IIb / IIIa receptors of platelets was carried out according to the SELEX method (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), modifi ed to select aptamers for a specifi c epitope. Th e method allows selection and in vitro evolution of aptamers with selectivity to a specifi c target from a large library of oligonucleotides. Th e affi nity of aptamers for platelet IIb / IIIa receptors was determined using fl ow cytometry. Results. Pools of aptamers of aptamers with high affi nity for IIb / IIIa platelet receptors were obtained. Th e study of the antiaggregation properties of the pools with the best binding showed that platelet aggregation was minimal when using the aptamers from the pool of the 5th round of selection. Th us, the aptamers of this pool have the greatest potential to be used as an analogue of a synthetic peptide that blocks thromboaggregation. Aptamers from this pool were taken for sequencing in order to obtain sequences of aptamers with the best antiaggregatory properties. Conclusion. Pools of aptamers with high affi nity for IIb / IIIa receptors of platelets and anticoagulant activity were obtained.

Proteome of breast cancer derived microvesicles

The aim of the research. To examine the proteomic profi le of breast cancer exosomes. Material and methods. Cell lines used for this study were MDA-MB-231 female epithelial breast cancer cells (ATCC HTB-26) and MCF10A non-tumorigenic epithelial breast tissue cells. MVs were isolated using diff erential ultracentrifugation. Samples were lysed, reduced, alkylated, digested, and analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. MS raw fi les were analyzed using MaxQuant version 1.6.12.0. Peptides were searched against the human UniProt FASTA database using the Andromeda search engine, integrated into MaxQuant. Results. MVs derived from MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were analyzed, and 1427 and 547 proteins were identifi ed in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A-derived MVs, respectively. In total, 455 proteins were common to both MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A MVs. MVs derived from MCF10A and MDAMB-231 cell lines were analyzed, and 1427 and 547 proteins were identifi ed in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A-derived MVs, respectively. In total, 455 proteins were common to both MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A MVs. Th e unique MDA-MB-231 MV proteins were searched against the DisGeNET human diseases database. Out of 972 MDA-MB-231 MV proteins, 112 were cancer-related while 32 were specifi cally associated with BC. In the MDA-MB-231 MV proteome, 23 Wnt signaling pathway proteins were identifi ed based on their GO biological process. Proteomic analysis identifi ed enzymes OAT, TALDO1, and BLMH were only in MVs from metastatic MDA-MB-231 cell line. The specific activity of OAT and TALDO1 was higher in MV fractions of MDA-MB-231 in comparison to the non-cancerous MCF10A cell line-derived MVs. Th ese fi ndings might suggest that these enzymes might play a role in BC. In our present study, we found that some enzymes identifi ed from MV fractions were already proposed to play a role in cancer therapy as therapeutic targets (OAT, TALDO1) and resistance against chemotherapy agents (BLMH).

Molecular and genetic predictors of endothelial dysfunction and impairment of angioand neurogenesis in the perinatal period (a literature review)

Perinatal pathologies serve as the basis for a great variety of diseases in teenagers and adults including the especially frequent and important diseases of the nervous system which is vulnerable during the period of ante- and early postnatal development, especially against the background of genetic predisposition to it. This leads to development of pathology also manifesting at later stages of life. In this connection, the review presents molecular and genetic predictors of endothelial dysfunction and impairment of angio- and neurogenesis during the perinatal period. The article presents facts related to the influence of endothelial dysfunction as a trigger for pregnancy pathology and fetal-programmed diseases. A discussion regarding the contribution made by the congenital and by the acquired into basic mechanisms of fetal development including the brain and its pathologies

Association between psychological risk factors and ischaemic heart disease in the open population of a large industrial centre of Eastern Siberia

Aim of study. To study gender-based association of high anxiety and depression with ischaemic heart disease exemplified by open population of the city of Krasnoyarsk. Material and methods. A representative sample formed from unoccupied population permanently residing in the city of Krasnoyarsk aged 25-64. Psychometric testing was performed via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease was determined based on conventional epidemiological criteria. Results. High values of age-adjusted prevalence of anxiety and depression in the studied sample amounted to 40.1% and 35.0% respectively with no association with the gender. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was registered in 10.6% of the patients (15.8% male and 8.6% female subjects, p=0.092). Statistically significant association between IHD and high anxiety (OR=2.39; 95% CI 1.19-4.8; p=0.013) and depression (OR=2.1; 95% CI 1.1-4.1; p=0.031). Gender-discrete analysis has shown analogical associations of IHD with anxiety (OR=4.41; 95% CI 1.57-12.38; р=0.004) and depression (OR=2.91; 95% CI 1.20-7.10; р=0.027) in the female group. Analysis has shown absence of interrelation between the studied risk factors and IHD in the male group of patients. Conclusion. The factor of gender defines association between high anxiety and depression scores according to the HADS in open population of the city of Krasnoyarsk.

Casuistics of primary metastatic ovarian cancer in pregnancy

Malignancies during pregnancy are usually treated similarly to the malignancies in non-pregnant patients. Results of controlled therapeutic trials are typically not available. However, registered studies associated with some of the most common malignancies exist. In case of ovarian cancer, due to its rarity – especially with the primary metastatic cases – only individual case reports are available. The article presents a case with par aortal abdominal, thoracic and cervical lymph node metastasis in a 33-years-old pregnant female. She was treated with primary systemic chemotherapy since early pregnancy. At 32 weeks of gestation, the patient gave birth to a girl (1460g) by caesarean section. Subsequently, the patient received 3 more cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel and bevacizumab for 30 months as well as letrozole maintenance therapy. Three years after the initial diagnosis, complete instrumental assessment showed unremarkable results without tumour recurrence.

Clinical realization for different types of preeclampsia (results of a double-centre retrospective study)

Aim of study. To determine specific clinical and diagnostic predictors and symptoms of different preeclampsia phenotypes. Material and methods. A double-centre retrospective case-control study was performed including analysis of somatic status data, obstetric and gynaecological history and peculiarities in pregnancy progression and delivery of 373 female patients. The control group was constituted by 200 female subjects whose physiological pregnancy concluded with term delivery. The main group enrolled 173 patients, the course of pregnancy of which was complicated by development of severe preeclampsia (PE) including placental PE (early) – 44 cases (25%) and severe maternal PE (late) – 129 cases (75%). Over 100 potential clinical and anamnestic risk factors for PE, peculiarities in pregnancy progression and delivery outcomes have been analysed. Results. Despite of the similarity between clinical parameters of different PE phenotypes, placental PE (pPE) is characterised by a more significant arterial hypertension (p=0.0311) and proteinuria (p=0.0005) growing over the course of a day. Therewith, a reliable correlation has been established between the level of diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria (OR=0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.93; p<0.0001). Maternal PE (mPE) is characterised by growth of symptoms within the period of 1-3 weeks. Significantly more frequently, maternal PE is developed against the background of pathological BMI growth (OR=4.1, p=0.105) and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR=3.6; p=0.0432). Perinatal outcomes in pPE are characterised by high rates of stillbirth (22.7%) and fetal growth retardation (82.6%). Conclusion. Placental (early) PE is characterised by a more severe progression with specific clinical and ultrasound predictors, which makes it possible to outline a cohort of females for closer monitoring and preventive procedures.