scholarly journals Tokishakuyakusan ameliorates lowered body temperature after immersion in cold water through the early recovery of blood flow in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 114896
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Shimizu ◽  
Kiyoshi Terawaki ◽  
Kyoji Sekiguchi ◽  
Sho Sanechika ◽  
Katsuya Ohbuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Lowered Body

Effects of immersion of the hand in cold water on digital blood flow

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. L. Hsieh ◽  
T. Nagasaka ◽  
L. D. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Finger Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory Response ◽  
Cold Induced Vasodilatation ◽  
Digital Blood Flow

The temperatures of the tip of the middle fingers ( Ts) of nine comfortably warm subjects have been recorded during immersion of all the fingers of one hand in a 27–liter bath containing slowly stirred water at temperatures ranging from 4.6 to 40 C ( Tw). Blood flow ( F = ml/cm2 per min) was estimated from the average Ts for the last 15 min of a 20-min period, Tw and body temperature ( Tb) by using the equation: F = 1,087 x K( Ts – Tw)/ ( Tb – Ts). (K = 0.0134 kcal/cm2 per min per °C.) The increase in F per °C reduction in Tw below 10 C was 0.16 ± 0.077 (P < .05). This value gives a measure of the vasodilatation occasioned by immersion in water below 10 C. The sample regression equation of F on Tw was: F = 4.1 – .16 Tw ± 0.17 (n = 27; range of Tw = 4.6 to 10 C). This method of estimating blood flow at several levels of Tw describes more fully the peripheral circulatory response to cold than methods in which only one level of Tw is used. cold-induced vasodilatation; temperature and finger blood flow Submitted on August 28, 1963

scholarly journals Human thermoregulatory responses during serial cold-water immersions

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
Michael N. Sawka ◽  
Kent B. Pandolf
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Repeat Trial ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Made In

This study examined whether serial cold-water immersions over a 10-h period would lead to fatigue of shivering and vasoconstriction. Eight men were immersed (2 h) in 20°C water three times (0700, 1100, and 1500) in 1 day (Repeat). This trial was compared with single immersions (Control) conducted at the same times of day. Before Repeat exposures at 1100 and 1500, rewarming was employed to standardize initial rectal temperature. The following observations were made in the Repeat relative to the Control trial: 1) rectal temperature was lower and heat debt was higher ( P < 0.05) at 1100; 2) metabolic heat production was lower ( P < 0.05) at 1100 and 1500; 3) subjects perceived the Repeat trial as warmer at 1100. These data suggest that repeated cold exposures may impair the ability to maintain normal body temperature because of a blunting of metabolic heat production, perhaps reflecting a fatigue mechanism. An alternative explanation is that shivering habituation develops rapidly during serially repeated cold exposures.

What's hot and what's not: defining torpor in free-ranging birds and mammals

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert MR Barclay ◽  
Cori L Lausen ◽  
Lydia Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lowered Body

With the development of small implantable data loggers and externally attached temperature-sensitive radio transmitters, increasing attention is being paid to determining the thermoregulatory strategies of free-ranging birds and mammals. One of the constraints of such studies is that without a direct measure of metabolic rate, it is difficult to determine the significance of lowered body temperatures. We surveyed the literature and found that many different definitions have been used to discriminate torpor from normothermy. Many studies use arbitrary temperature thresholds without regard for the normothermic body temperature of the individuals or species involved. This variation makes comparison among studies difficult and means that ecologically and energetically significant small reductions in body temperature may be overlooked. We suggest that normothermic body temperature for each individual animal should be determined and that torpor be defined as occurring when the body temperature drops below that level. When individuals' active temperatures are not available, a species-specific value should be used. Of greater value, however, are the depth and duration of torpor bouts. We suggest several advantages of this definition over those used in the past.

TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN EXERCISE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-702
Author(s):  
Sid Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Warm Blood ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Large Increments

The central body temperature of a man rises gradually during the first half hour of a period of work to a higher level and this level is precisely maintained until the work is stopped; body temperature then slowly declines to the usual resting level. During prolonged work the temperature regulatory center in the hypothalamus appears to be reset at a level which is proportional to the intensity of the work and this setting is independent of environmental temperature changes ranging from cold to moderately warm. In hot environments the resistance to heat loss may be so great that all of the increased metabolic heat of work cannot be dissipated and the man's central temperature will rise above the thermostatic setting. If this condition of imbalance is continued long enough heat stroke will ensue. We have found that in a 3 mile race lasting only 14 minutes on a hot summer day a runner's rectal temperature may rise to 41.1°C., with heat stroke imminent. The physiological regulation of body temperature of men in warm environments and during the increased metabolic heat production of work is dependent on sweating to provide evaporative cooling of the skin, and on adjustments of cutaneous blood flow which determine the conductance of heat from the deeper tissues to the skin. The mechanisms of regulating these responses during work are complex and not entirely understood. Recent experiments carried out in this laboratory indicate that during work, sweating may be regulated by reflexes originating from thermal receptors in the veins draining warm blood from the muscles, summated with reflexes from the cutaneous thermal receptors, both acting through the hypothalamic center, the activity of which is increased in proportion to its own temperature. At the beginning of work the demand for blood flow to the muscles results in reflex vasoconstriction in the skin. As the body temperature rises the thermal demand predominates and the cutaneous vessels dilate, increasing heat conductance to the skin. Large increments in cardiac output and compensatory vasoconstriction in the abdominal viscera make these vascular adjustments in work possible without circulatory embarrassment.

Effect of two methods of hand heating on body temperature, forearm blood flow, and deep venous oxygen saturation

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E639-E643 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Gallen ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Venous Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Healthy Females

Two methods of hand heating [warmed blanket 40 degrees C (WB) and warm-air box 55 degrees C (WA)] were compared with the effect of no heating (control) in six healthy females. After 30 min baseline, the left hand was either heated for 1 h or not heated. Measurements were made of skin temperature (ST), core temperature (CT), right forearm (FBF) and skin blood flow (SBF), and right forearm deep venous blood oxygen content with and without occlusion of the hand circulation. CT rose above baseline in WB (by +0.2 degrees C, P less than 0.01) but not with control or WA. Abdominal ST rose only with WB (by +0.66 degrees C above baseline, P less than 0.01). FBF increased above baseline values with both WA (by +10 ml.l forearm-1.min-1) and WB (by +12 ml.l forearm-1.min-1), but neither was significantly greater than the control. SBF increased above baseline only with WB (by +202 mV, P less than 0.01), and this was significantly greater than control SBF. With an occluded hand circulation, deep venous oxygen content rose above baseline values with WB only (+6.0%, P less than 0.01) but was not greater than control with either method of hand heating. We conclude that using a warm-air box has less effect than a heated blanket on the measured variables.

scholarly journals Body temperature influences regional tissue blood flow during retrograde cerebral perfusion

1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Usui ◽  
Keiji Oohara ◽  
Fumihiko Murakami ◽  
Hideki Ooshima ◽  
Mitsuo Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion

Effect of occluded venous return on core temperature during cold water immersion

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2709-2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Mittleman ◽  
I. B. Mekjavic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Complete Neglect ◽  
Rate Of Cooling ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Male Subjects

Recent studies using inanimate and animal models suggest that the afterdrop observed upon rewarming from hypothermia is based entirely on physical laws of heat flow without involvement of the returning cooled blood from the limbs. During the investigation of thermoregulatory responses to cold water immersion (15 degrees C), blood flow to the limbs (minimized by the effects of hydrostatic pressure and vasoconstriction) was occluded in 17 male subjects (age, 29.0 +/- 3.3 yr). Comparisons of rectal (Tre) and esophageal temperature (Tes) responses were made during the 5 min before occlusion, during the 10-min occlusion period, and for 5 min immediately after the release of the cuffs (postocclusion). In the preocclusion phase, Tre and Tes showed similar cooling rates. The occlusion of blood flow to the extremities significantly arrested the cooling of Tes (P less than 0.05) with little effect on Tre. Upon release of the pressure cuffs, the returning extremity blood flow resulted in an increased rate of cooling, that was three times greater at the esophageal site (-0:149 +/- 0.052 vs. -0.050 +/- 0.026 degrees C.min-1). These results suggest that the cooled peripheral circulation, minimized during cold water immersion, may dramatically affect esophageal temperature and the complete neglect of the circulatory component to the afterdrop phenomenon is not warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of Drinking Hot or Cold Water and Intaking Hot Meal on the Body Temperature Measured by Ear Drum. Meaning of ONPUKU.

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
Minoru HIGASA ◽  
Iwao YAMAMOTO ◽  
Ichiro NARIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Body
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