The role of skin color and facial physiognomy in racial categorization: Moderation by implicit racial attitudes

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Stepanova ◽  
Michael J Strube
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Racial Categorization

Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry: A New Light on an Old Subject

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hegyi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry

The role of bilirubin as a cause of central nervous system morbidity in the newborn infant has been well recognized for several decades. The specific serum concentration that leads to cellular injury, as well as the precise mechanism of damage, are as yet unclear but general principles of therapy have been established. Early detection of hyperbilirubinemia is based on the clinical assessment of dermal icterus followed by appropriate serum tests to determine the degree of serum bilirubin elevation. The relationship of dermal icterus and serum bilirubin concentration has intrigued clinicians for more than a century.1 In an attempt to utilize skin color as an index of hyperbilirubinemia many techniques have been investigated.

scholarly journals Skin color and perceived discrimination: a comparative study between Brazilians and Mozambicans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Emanoel Pereira ◽  
Elza Maria Techio ◽  
José Luís Álvaro ◽  
Carina Feitosa ◽  
Benvindo Maloa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Black People ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Social Domination

Despite the numerous efforts to reduce prejudice and social discrimination as well as their repercussions, such phenomena are still part of everyday life and mark individual life stories. The experiences of the target and the agent of discrimination were differents. The present study addresses a gap in the literature of social psychology: through a relational analysis, it explores the perceptions of the target of discrimination without leaving aside the perspective of the agent. Using a computerized version of a self-report instrument, we aimed to assess the relation between the experience of racial discrimination and skin color and to what extent this relation is modulated by psychosocial and sociodemographic variables in two national contexts, Brazil and Mozambique. A total of 150 university students participated in the study, 89 from Brazil and 61 from Mozambique. The results show that in both countries the participants report more experiences of discrimination coming from White than from Black people, with a larger difference for the Brazilian sample population. The study also verified that the darker the person’s skin color, the higher their perception of having been discriminated against. In the Brazilian group, the accounts of discrimination coming both from White and Black people are associated with darker skin color. In the Mozambican group, diversely, participants with lighter and darker skin color perceived being the target of discrimination, inflicted both by White and Black people. Finally, we identified that perceived discrimination is predicted by skin color. The discussion focuses on the perspective of the targets of discrimination and highlights the role of skin color in the process of perceiving racial discrimination, especially regarding the psychosocial variables motivation to control prejudice and social domination.

Encounters with Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-166
Author(s):  
Mary Wills
Keyword(s):  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
West African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
West Africans ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Value Sets ◽  
Naval Officers

This chapter examines cultural encounters between British naval officers and West African peoples, and the role of racial attitudes and identity therein. It looks at the persistence or mutability of value sets taken out to Africa, and the resulting dialogues on race, ethnicity, identity and benevolence within the naval community. To an extent, naval officers perceived West Africans through the lens of metropolitan attitudes and many observations subscribed to common racial prejudices; yet others were more considered, born of experience, interaction and affiliation. This chapter examines officers’ encounters with the ‘exotic’ African women they met on their travels and their engagement with African cultures. As the century progressed, increasing contact with African peoples contributed to a shift in racial attitudes, fuelled by new scientific theories and the proliferation of printed material about race.

scholarly journals Introducing the Sociopolitical Motive × Intergroup Threat Model to Understand How Monoracial Perceivers’ Sociopolitical Motives Influence Their Categorization of Multiracial People

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold K. Ho ◽  
Nour S. Kteily ◽  
Jacqueline M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Threat Model ◽  
Racial Categorization ◽  
Moderating Role

Researchers have used social dominance, system justification, authoritarianism, and social identity theories to understand how monoracial perceivers’ sociopolitical motives influence their categorization of multiracial people. The result has been a growing understanding of how particular sociopolitical motives and contexts affect categorization, without a unifying perspective to integrate these insights. We review evidence supporting each theory’s predictions concerning how monoracial perceivers categorize multiracial people who combine their ingroup with an outgroup, with attention to the moderating role of perceiver group status. We find most studies cannot arbitrate between theories of categorization and reveal additional gaps in the literature. To advance this research area, we introduce the sociopolitical motive × intergroup threat model of racial categorization that (a) clarifies which sociopolitical motives interact with which intergroup threats to predict categorization and (b) highlights the role of perceiver group status. Furthermore, we consider how our model can help understand phenomena beyond multiracial categorization.

scholarly journals Like Mother, like Son: Physical Activity, Commuting, and Associated Demographic Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Cézane Priscila Reuter ◽  
Arieli Fernandes Dias ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Michael Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Living Area

A mother’s healthy conduct may lead to the healthy conduct of their children. Thus, this study aimed to verify the role of demographic factors in the relationship between mothers’ physical activity (PA) and commuting to work with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school. This cross-sectional study comprised 1421 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years and 1421 mothers, from Brazil. PA, commuting, socioeconomic status (SES), skin color/ethnicity, and living area were evaluated by questionnaire. Logistic binary regression models were used. Results indicated that mothers’ PA and commuting were associated with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school in crude and adjusted models. Considering the role of the demographic factors, an association was only observed for girls in the relationship between mother’s PA with children’s PA. In adolescents, an association was observed in both high/low SES, boys/girls, and rural/urban areas. Regarding children and adolescent active commuting to school, there was an association with mothers commuting. All demographic factors were strongly associated, except for rural areas. Therefore, mothers’ PA as well as commuting to work are associated with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school. Sex, living area, and SES are the related demographic factors.

Role of light in human skin color variation

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Quevedo ◽  
T. B. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. A. Pathak ◽  
K. Jimbow
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Role Of Light

scholarly journals Understanding rates of genital-anal injury: Role of skin color and skin biomechanics

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn S. Sommers ◽  
Yadira Regueira ◽  
Deborah A. Tiller ◽  
Janine S. Everett ◽  
Kathleen Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Biomechanics

Black-White Color Connotations and Racial Awareness in Preschool Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Renninger ◽  
John E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Racial Awareness ◽  
Color Name

Racial groups are often designated by color names, with Negroes called “black” and Caucasians “white.” Previous research with adults had shown that the color name black has a negative (“bad”) evaluative connotation and white a positive (“good”) connotation. The present study, designed to measure the degree of awareness of black-white evaluative connotation in Caucasian children, demonstrated that the black-white color-meaning concept is developing during the preschool years—the period during which racial awareness was also shown to be developing. Possible origins of the black-white evaluative concept in young children were discussed, as was the possible role of the concept in the formation of racial attitudes of Caucasian children toward Negroes.

Racism in the electronic age: Role of online forums in expressing racial attitudes about American Indians.

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Steinfeldt ◽  
Brad D. Foltz ◽  
Jennifer K. Kaladow ◽  
Tracy N. Carlson ◽  
Louis A. Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Online Forums

scholarly journals Effects of News Stereotypes on the Perception of Facial Threat

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt ◽  
Nina Steindl ◽  
Peter Vitouch
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
The Media ◽  
Facial Threat

The human face is central to social interactions and therefore of primary importance in social perception. Two recent discoveries have contributed to a more thorough understanding of the role of news stereotypes in the perception of facial threat: First, social-cognition research has revealed that automatically activated stereotypes influence the perception of facial threat. Individuals holding hostile stereotypes toward dark-skinned outgroup members perceive ambiguous dark-skinned faces as more hostile than similar light-skinned faces. Second, media-stereotyping research has found that the media can influence individuals’ automatically activated stereotypes. Combining these two findings, it was hypothesized that reading tabloid articles about crimes committed by dark-skinned offenders would increase the perceived facial threat of meeting dark-skinned strangers in a subsequent situation. This hypothesis was tested in a laboratory experiment. Participants read crime articles where cues indicating (dark) skin color were mentioned or not. The results showed that reading about dark-skinned criminals increases the perceived facial threat of dark-skinned strangers compared with light-skinned strangers.

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