Rice (Oryza sativa japonica) albumin hydrolysates suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation by adsorbing glucose and inhibiting Na+-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 expression

AbstractThe inhibition by 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) was determined on disaccharidases of rats and humans. Then, the metabolism and fate of 1,5-AG was investigated in rats and humans. Although 1,5-AG inhibited about 50 % of sucrase activity in rat small intestine, the inhibition was less than half of d-sorbose. 1,5-AG strongly inhibited trehalase and lactase, whereas d-sorbose inhibited them very weakly. 1,5-AG noncompetitively inhibited sucrase. The inhibition of 1,5-AG on sucrase and maltase was similar between humans and rats. 1,5-AG in serum increased 30 min after oral administration of 1,5-AG (600 mg) in rats, and mostly 100 % of 1,5-AG was excreted into the urine 24 h after administration. 1,5-AG in serum showed a peak 30 min after ingestion of 1,5-AG (20 g) by healthy subjects, and decreased gradually over 180 min. About 60 % of 1,5-AG was excreted into the urine for 9 h following ingestion. Hydrogen was scarcely excreted in both rats and humans 24 h after administration of 1,5-AG. Furthermore, 1,5-AG significantly suppressed the blood glucose elevation, and hydrogen excretion was increased following the simultaneous ingestion of sucrose and 1,5-AG in healthy subjects. 1,5-AG also significantly suppressed the blood glucose elevation following the simultaneous ingestion of glucose and 1,5-AG; however, hydrogen excretion was negligible. The available energy of 1,5-AG, which is absorbed readily from the small intestine and excreted quickly into the urine, is 0 kJ/g (0 kcal/g). Furthermore, 1,5-AG might suppress the blood glucose elevation through the inhibition of sucrase, as well as intestinal glucose absorption.

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Suppressive Effect of the α-Amylase Inhibitor Albumin from Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) on Postprandial Hyperglycaemia

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101503 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kazumi Ninomiya ◽

Shigenobu Ina ◽

Aya Hamada ◽

Yusuke Yamaguchi ◽

Makoto Akao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Amylase Inhibitor ◽

Level Elevation ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽

Blood Glucose Elevation

Inhibiting starch hydrolysis into sugar could reduce postprandial blood glucose elevation and contribute to diabetes prevention. Here, both buckwheat and wheat albumin that inhibited mammalian α-amylase in vitro suppressed blood glucose level elevation after starch loading in vivo, but it had no effect after glucose loading. In contrast to the non-competitive inhibition of wheat α-amylase inhibitor, buckwheat albumin acted in a competitive manner. Although buckwheat α-amylase inhibitor was readily hydrolysed by digestive enzymes, the hydrolysate retained inhibitory activity. Together with its thermal stability, this suggests its potential use in functional foods that prevent diabetes.

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The Effects of Gold Kiwifruit Intake Timing with or without Pericarp on Postprandial Blood Glucose Level

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2103

Author(s):

Yutaka Inoue ◽

Yukari Kitani ◽

Satoshi Osakabe ◽

Yukitoshi Yamamoto ◽

Isamu Murata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Profile ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose Level ◽

Blood Glucose Profile ◽

Blood Glucose Elevation

The purpose of this study was to examine how gold kiwifruit pericarp (pericarp is defined as the skin of the fruit) consumption and the timing thereof affect the postprandial blood glucose profile. The study was conducted on ten healthy volunteers (six men and four women). According to our results, the simultaneous intake of gold kiwifruit with bread and the prior intake of gold kiwifruit evidently suppressed the postprandial blood glucose elevation compared with exclusive bread intake. There was no significant difference in postprandial blood glucose changes between the ingestion of gold kiwifruit pericarp and pulp and that of gold kiwifruit pulp only. The highest postprandial blood glucose elevation was suppressed by 27.6% and the area under the blood glucose elevation curve by 29.3%, even with the exclusive ingestion of gold kiwifruit pulp. We predicted that the ingestion of both the pericarp and pulp of gold kiwifruit would reduce the postprandial blood glucose elevation to a greater extent than that of gold kiwifruit pulp only; however, there was no significant difference between the two. These results indicate that gold kiwifruit consumption significantly suppresses the postprandial blood glucose elevation regardless of pericarp presence or absence and the timing of ingestion.

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