Long-term administration of red ginseng non-saponin fraction rescues the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging in mice

Abstract Low skeletal muscle mass and density are independent predictors of clinical outcomes in multiple gastrointestinal cancers. However, its effect on the long-term survival of locally advanced esophageal cancer patients undergoing radical radiotherapy is still unclear. Methods Patients with stage II-III esophageal cancer undergoing radical radiotherapy, enrolled in a observational cohort study, were included. Skeletal muscle mass and density were measured on CT. Patients with high and low skeletal muscle mass and density were compared regarding overall survival (OS). Results 165 patients (75.8% males, median age 63) were included, from March-2012 to September-2017. Before radiotherapy, 26.7% patients had low skeletal-muscle-mass and 23.0% patients had low skeletal-muscle-density. After radiotherapy, 40.6% patients had low skeletal-muscle-mass and 30.3% patients had low skeletal-muscle-density.The median OS of high skeletal-muscle-mass/density group was significantly higher than that of low skeletal-muscle-mass/density group before radiotherapy (28.7 vs 28.2 months, p = 0.041; 29.6 vs 16.9 months, p = 0.025). The median OS of high skeletal-muscle-mass/density group was also significantly higher than that of low skeletal-muscle-mass/density group after radiotherapy (30.3 vs 20.3 months, P = 0.012; 29.6 vs 17.2 months, p = 0.018). Conclusion Low skeletal muscle mass and density are associated with long-term outcome in patients undergoing radical radiotherapy. It is suggested that oncologists should pay more attention to the management of muscle mass and density of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy in order to improve their nutritional status and long-term survival.

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Long‐term administration of the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant mitoquinone mesylate fails to attenuate age‐related oxidative damage or rescue the loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging of skeletal muscle

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.201600450r ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 3771-3785 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Giorgos K. Sakellariou ◽

Timothy Pearson ◽

Adam P. Lightfoot ◽

Gareth A. Nye ◽

Nicola Wells ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Age Related ◽

Term Administration ◽

And Function

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Chronological changes in skeletal muscle mass following living‐donor liver transplantation: An analysis of the predictive factors for long‐term post‐transplant low muscularity

Clinical Transplantation ◽

10.1111/ctr.13495 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. e13495 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Riccardo Pravisani ◽

Akihiko Soyama ◽

Miriam Isola ◽

Nariman Sadykov ◽

Mitsuhisa Takatsuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Predictive Factors ◽

Living Donor ◽

Living Donor Liver Transplantation ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Donor Liver ◽

Donor Liver Transplantation

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Skeletal Muscle Mass Regulation in Critical Illness

10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0035 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Zudin Puthucheary ◽

Hugh Montgomery ◽

Nicholas Hart ◽

Stephen Harridge

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Critical Illness ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Protein Homeostasis ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

And Function ◽

Inadequate Nutrition

Muscle is a dynamic, plastic, and malleable tissue that is highly sensitive to mechanical and metabolic signals. Muscle mass is regulated by protein homeostasis, with protein being continually turned over, reflecting a balance between synthesis and breakdown. This chapter discusses the effect of critical illness on skeletal muscle mass, protein homeostasis, and the intracellular signalling driving anabolism and catabolism. The focus will be on the unique challenges to which the skeletal muscle are exposed, such as inflammation, sepsis, sedation, and inadequate nutrition, which, in combination with the disuse signals of immobilization and bed rest, engender dramatic changes in muscle structure and function. The mechanisms regulating muscle loss during critical illness are being unravelled, but many questions remain unanswered. Detailed understanding of these mechanisms will help drive strategies to minimize or prevent intensive care-acquired muscle weakness and the long-term consequences experienced by ICU survivors.

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Clinical impact of sarcopenia assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing treatments

Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1007/s00535-020-01711-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 927-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giovanni Marasco ◽

Matteo Serenari ◽

Matteo Renzulli ◽

Luigina Vanessa Alemanni ◽

Benedetta Rossini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

And Function

Abstract Changes in body composition are associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and function, has been associated with a higher rate of complications and recurrences in patients with cirrhosis and HCC. The assessment of patient general status before HCC treatment, including the presence of sarcopenia, is a key-point for achieving therapy tolerability and to avoid short- and long-term complications leading to poor patients’ survival. Thus, we aimed to review the current literature evaluating the role of sarcopenia assessment related to HCC treatments and to critically provide the clinicians with the most recent and valuable evidence. As a result, sarcopenia can be predictive of poor outcomes in patients undergoing liver resection, transplantation and systemic therapies, offering the chance to clinicians to improve the muscular status of these patients, especially those with high-grade sarcopenia at high risk of mortality. Further studies are needed to clarify the predictive value of sarcopenia in other HCC treatment settings and to evaluate its role as an additional staging tool for identifying the most appropriate treatment. Besides, interventional studies aiming at increasing the skeletal muscle mass for reducing complications and increasing the survival in patients with HCC are needed.

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