Water quality along a river continuum subject to point and diffuse sources

2008 ◽  
Vol 350 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Neal ◽  
Helen P. Jarvie ◽  
Alison Love ◽  
Margaret Neal ◽  
Heather Wickham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Point And Diffuse Sources

scholarly journals Combined system of extreme control of mineralized water dilution in river basins

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
P. I. Kovalchuk ◽  
O. S. Demchuk ◽  
V. P. Kovalchuk ◽  
Н. A. Balykhina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Control System ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Point And Diffuse Sources ◽  
Water Dilution

The theory of combined systems of extreme control, which is used in technical systems, was developed and adapted in socio-ecological-economic systems. For example, river basins are such systems. A combined extreme control system has been formalized to control the dilution of mineralized mine waters in river sections. A mathematical model of the distribution of water masses and pollution in river beds from point and diffuse sources is proposed on the basis of a system of difference balance equations under the influence of stochastic uncontrolled disturbances. With regard to such conditions as adequate instrumentation, a combined control system has been developed that uses decision-making according to environmental and economic criteria based on the analysis of input and output data simultaneously, identification and tracking of the optimum in conditions of displacement under the influence of the disturbances of extreme characteristics of the system. The structural and functional diagram is represented by the open-loop diagram, the identification of which is carried out on the basis of modeling the process of water dilution in various situations at a specific object. A closed part with a recognition system as a corrector provides feedback. Formalized mathematical models of the dynamics of water masses and pollution from point and diffuse sources are of a general nature and can be used for the basins of other rivers. The extreme control system can adapt to the hydrological conditions and water quality parameters of a particular river. A mathematical model has been formalized for the combined extreme control of mine water dilution in the section of the Ingulets river. The water for dilution comes from a storage pond in the Svystunov gully. Regulatory actions that maintain water quality without exceeding the normative values ​​of maximum permissible discharge are determined. At the same time, water consumption for dilution is minimized. The scenario analysis of the options showed a saving of up to 30% of water resources, namely 17.5 million m3, compared to the dilution carried out in February-March 2021 according to the existing individual regulations.

Duration curve analysis for the assessment of pathogen loading from diffuse sources

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Kim ◽  
J.Y. Yoon ◽  
S.W. Kim ◽  
E. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Total Coliform Concentration

Pathogen level of surface waters has received great attention for protecting public health. In this study, total coliform, fecal coliform and Escherichia coli concentrations were monitored as the pathogen indicator organisms at six monitoring stations in the Geum River, Korea. Rainfall runoff from two agricultural-forestry watersheds was analyzed for their microbial aspect as well. Total coliform concentration of the Geum River showed high correlation with the flow rate. To estimate total coliform loading on the Geum River in probability scale, the duration curve method was applied. In addition, a standard duration curve reflecting the water quality criteria was constructed to determine water quality compliance. Under the assumption of linearity between flow rate and total coliform concentration of the Geum River, total coliform duration curve revealed that total coliform concentrations exceed the desired criteria mainly due to pollutants from diffuse sources.

New challenges for the management of plant nutrients and pathogens in the Waikato River, New Zealand

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Vant
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Waikato River

The water quality of the Waikato River is currently much better than it was in the 1950s. Major improvements in the treatment of the sewage and industrial wastewaters which are discharged to the river mean that levels of indicator bacteria in the lower reaches of the river are now many times lower than in the past. Eve so, conditions are still not suitable for swimming, and blue-green algal blooms occur at times. Non-point or diffuse sources of contaminants now dominate the nutrient and pathogens budgets. Progressively-intensifying farming, particularly in lowland areas, is thought to contribute the majority of the contaminants found in the river. Future improvements in water quality will therefore depend more on activities like changes to farming practice – such as retiring the riparian margins of lowland tributaries of the river – than on further advances in wastewater treatment.

Mussels as biomonitors of point and diffuse sources of trace metals in the clyde sea area, Scotland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Point And Diffuse Sources ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

Following a series of international conferences on pollution of the North Sea, the UK Government committed itself in 1990 to reducing the inputs of certain dangerous substances reaching the aqueous environment from point and diffuse sources. The target was a 50% reduction in loadings over the period 1985-95. Metals loadings from rivers and sewage works to the Clyde Sea Area are presented for the period 1990-97. These are compared to trace metals body burdens in mussels collected from shores throughout the Clyde Sea Area over the period 1980-97. For most metals, no clear trend either increasing or decreasing was observed in metals loadings from point sources or in mussel body burdens. The exceptions were cadmium, which showed downward trends with time in loadings and in concentrations in Clyde Estuary mussels, and lead, which showed a downward trend in mussel concentrations. Metals loadings from point sources may have reached baseline levels, below which further reductions will be difficult to achieve. Elevated mussel body burdens of specific metals provided good evidence that some shores are severely affected by point source inputs, others by bulk contamination from far-field point sources, and others by diffuse sources of metals.

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