Effect of submerged, freshwater aquatic macrophytes and littoral sediments on pan evaporation in the Lake Balaton region, Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 542 ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Anda ◽  
B. Simon ◽  
G. Soos ◽  
J.A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
T. Kucserka
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Littoral Sediments

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA EVAPORAÇÃO EM ESTUFA PLÁSTICA NA PRIMAVERA

Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Class A ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Class A Pan

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA EVAPORAÇÃO EM ESTUFA PLÁSTICA NA PRIMAVERA  Reginaldo Ferreira SantosCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica da UNIOESTE- CP 711CEP 858114-110, Cascavel, PR - Fone: 0XX45 2203155.  E-mail: [email protected] Evaldo KlarDepartamento de Engenharia Rural - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica- UNESP - CEP 18603-970 - Botucatu, SP. CP: 237.  E-mail:  [email protected]  1  RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição da evaporação no interior de uma estufa plástica, com uma cultura de pimentão, através da variabilidade espacial e comparar a evaporação dos microevaporímetros com os valores do Tanque classe "A". O experimento foi conduzido no Campus da Universidade Estadual Paulista - FCA/UNESP, no período de primavera, em estufa plástica de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD). Na distribuição da evaporação em estufa com orientação norte/sul, verificou-se que as maiores evaporações ocorreram nas extremidades sul e norte tendente ao lado oeste. Já as menores evaporações localizaram-se no centro. No período de primavera, a evaporação média nos microevaporímetros superestimou em 55% a evaporação determinada no Tanque classe "A". UNITERMOS: evaporação, geoestatística, estufa.  SANTOS, R.F, KLAR, A.E.  EVAPORATION DISTRIBUTION INSIDE A PLASTIC TUNNEL IN THE SPRING SEASON  2  ABSTRACT                 The main aim of this study was to verify the evaporation distribution inside a plastic tunnel, with pepper crop, oriented to north/south, through spatial variability and to compare Class A Pan evaporation to punctual evaporations of 40 equidistant microevaporimeters placed from 50cm the soil. The study was carried out at the College of Agricultural Sciences/UNESP, Botucatu – SP in the spring season.  The highest evaporation occurred next to north and to south sides of the tunnel, with tendency to west. Consequently, the lowest evaporations occurred at the center area. The microevaporimeter evaporations were 55% higher than those obtained from Class A Pan. KEYWORDS: evaporation distribution, microevaporimeter.

Optimization of Regional Water Quality Monitoring Strategies

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pintér ◽  
L. Somlyódy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Computational Aspects ◽  
Indicator Model

A conceptual framework is presented for optimizing the operation of regional monitoring networks which assist water quality management. The primary objective of the studied network is to determine the annual nutrient load carried into a lake by its tributaries. Following the description of the basic (single time–period, single water quality indicator) model, several extension possibilities and computational aspects are highlighted. The suggested methodology is illustrated by a numerical example, concerning the surveillance system on the tributaries of Lake Balaton (Hungary).

Establishment of Three Emergent Macrophytes Under Different Water Regimes

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. T. Giovannini ◽  
D. M. L. da Motta Marques
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Wetland Construction ◽  
Scirpus Californicus ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Plot Design

The behavior of three emergent aquatic macrophytes under different water regimes was studied with the aim of achieving reconvertion of degraded wetlands and wetland construction for water quality improvement. Scirpus californicus, Typha subulata and Zizaniopsis bonariensis establishment was evaluated under a split plot design, in a factorial experiment with three levels of a water regime factor over a subsoil substratum. The stagnant 10±2 cm water level was best suited to T. subulata and Z. bonariensis development and S. californicus developed better at oscillating water level (3±2 cm) with flooding at 48 hour intervals. The morphological response variables (thickness and width at half length of the tallest leaf or stem per plant, height of tallest leaf or stem per plant, number of green leaves or stems and number of shoots per plant, and survival of propagules' original leaves or stems) were satisfactory descriptors to differentiate (p<0.1%) growth of above ground parts as related to water regimes and species. The three species did survive satisfactory in subsoil-like substratum under the tested water regimes. Mortality was in the worse case, 17.2%, 36.7%, and 9.4% for S. californicus, T. subulata, and Z. bonariensis, respectively. Although Z. bonariensis growth was very poor, only S. californicus and T. subulata could be indicated for planting under similar limiting conditions.

Potential Use of Aquatic Macrophytes to Enhance the Treatment of Septic Tank Liquids

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perdomo ◽  
C. Bangueses ◽  
J. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Floating Macrophyte ◽  
Potential Use

In several urban and suburban areas, the problem of the disposal and treatment of septic tank liquids has not been solved yet. This paper deals with the primary operational evaluation of a conventional system of ponds used at Tarariras, in the Department of Colonia, Uruguay, as well as the potential use of aquatic macrophytes to enhance such treatment. The conventional system was sampled over a period of approximately one month at the end of the summer in order to determine the main parameters. Groups of up to 20 samples were studied to determine the normal distributions. Correlation coefficients were obtained for the normal probability plot between 0.84 and 0.99. The most relevant statistical characteristics were calculated for each parameter. The removal efficiency was 80.0% of BOD5, 58.5% of COD, 75.8% of NH4+-N, 9.5% of PO4−3-P and 38.5% of TSS. At the same time, batch and semi-continuous trials were carried out at bench scale with Eichhornia crassipes (floating macrophyte) and Typha latifolia (emergent macrophyte). The best efficiencies were obtained for the latter, with values of 96.6% of BOD5, 93.0% of COD, 99.6% of NH4+-N, 95.2% of PO4−3-P and 95.5% of TSS. It was concluded that constructed wetlands could be the answer to a more complete treatment process.

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