Impacts of urban water consumption under climate change: An adaptation measure of rainwater harvesting system

2019 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chun Lin ◽  
Kuan-Yu Liou ◽  
Mengshan Lee ◽  
Pei-Te Chiueh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Adaptation Measure

scholarly journals Best Management Practices for the Transition to a Water-Sensitive City in the South of Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2983
Author(s):  
Miguel Rodrigues ◽  
Carla Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
The South ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Best Management

The uncertainty that arises from future environmental and climatic challenges requires new approaches towards urban water management in Mediterranean cities. In this work, an urban water cycle (UWC) strategy based on the best management practices (BMPs) of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is proposed for the transition of a coastal city in the south of Portugal into a water-sensitive city (WSC), in line with the Municipal Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation of Loulé (EMAAC of Loulé). The city’s watershed was identified using the ArcMap Hydrology toolset with geospatial data provided by Loulé’s Municipal Council Operational Unit for Adaptation to Climate Change and Circular Economy (UOACEC). A broad characterisation of the study area was conducted, identifying existing resources to further develop a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. The Hydrology toolset outputs, precipitation events records, and survey results were used to identify flood-prone areas. The opportunities and threats identified were further used to develop the transition strategy, which is focused on critical areas identified and supported by BMPs, including source control, attenuation, treatment and infiltration measures, permeable pavements, rainwater harvesting systems, and bioretention basins. The approach is designed to increase the city’s resilience to climate extremes, as well as community engagement towards UWC management.

scholarly journals Urban Water Demand Prediction for a City That Suffers from Climate Change and Population Growth: Gauteng Province Case Study

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah L. Zubaidi ◽  
Sandra Ortega-Martorell ◽  
Hussein Al-Bugharbee ◽  
Ivan Olier ◽  
Khalid S. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Water System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
The Impact

The proper management of a municipal water system is essential to sustain cities and support the water security of societies. Urban water estimating has always been a challenging task for managers of water utilities and policymakers. This paper applies a novel methodology that includes data pre-processing and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimized with the Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA-ANN) to estimate monthly water demand in relation to previous water consumption. Historical data of monthly water consumption in the Gauteng Province, South Africa, for the period 2007–2016, were selected for the creation and evaluation of the methodology. Data pre-processing techniques played a crucial role in the enhancing of the quality of the data before creating the prediction model. The BSA-ANN model yielded the best result with a root mean square error and a coefficient of efficiency of 0.0099 mega liters and 0.979, respectively. Moreover, it proved more efficient and reliable than the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA-ANN), based on the scale of error. Overall, this paper presents a new application for the hybrid model BSA-ANN that can be successfully used to predict water demand with high accuracy, in a city that heavily suffers from the impact of climate change and population growth.

scholarly journals Domestic Water Supply Vulnerability to Climate Change and the Role of Alternative Water Sources in Kingston, Jamaica

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Danneille A. Townsend ◽  
Janez Sušnik ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
The Impact

Globally, freshwater resources are threatened, resulting in challenges for urban water supply and management. Climate change, population growth, and urbanization have only exacerbated this crisis. For the Caribbean, climate change through the impact of increasing temperatures and rainfall variability has resulted in more frequent and intense episodes of disasters including droughts and floods which have impaired the quantity and quality of freshwater supplies. Using Caribbean-specific climate forecasting, it is shown that rainfall totals in Kingston, Jamaica, are expected to reduce by 2030 and 2050 under two RCPs. In addition, the timing of the primary rainy season is expected to shift, potentially impacting water supply security. Analysis of the potential of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to augment supply and enhance water supply resilience shows that in two communities studied in Kingston, it can contribute up to 7% of total water supply. Household storage requirements are about 1 m3 per household, which is feasible. RWH offers the potential to contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation measures at a household level. Policy, incentives, and increased awareness about the potential of RWH to meet non-potable household demand in Kingston must be improved, as well as efforts to reduce the currently unreasonably high levels of non-revenue water in order to move towards an integrated, sustainable, and climate-resilient urban water supply strategy for the city.

Excellent environmental performance of beet sugar production in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Bertram de Crom ◽  
Jasper Scholten ◽  
Janjoris van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
Glucose Syrup

To get more insight in the environmental performance of the Suiker Unie beet sugar, Blonk Consultants performed a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study on beet sugar, cane sugar and glucose syrup. The system boundaries of the sugar life cycle are set from cradle to regional storage at the Dutch market. For this study 8 different scenarios were evaluated. The first scenario is the actual sugar production at Suiker Unie. Scenario 2 until 7 are different cane sugar scenarios (different countries of origin, surplus electricity production and pre-harvest burning of leaves are considered). Scenario 8 concerns the glucose syrup scenario. An important factor in the environmental impact of 1kg of sugar is the sugar yield per ha. Total sugar yield per ha differs from 9t/ha sugar for sugarcane to 15t/ha sugar for sugar beet (in 2017). Main conclusion is that the production of beet sugar at Suiker Unie has in general a lower impact on climate change, fine particulate matter, land use and water consumption, compared to cane sugar production (in Brazil and India) and glucose syrup. The impact of cane sugar production on climate change and water consumption is highly dependent on the country of origin, especially when land use change is taken into account. The environmental impact of sugar production is highly dependent on the co-production of bioenergy, both for beet and cane sugar.

scholarly journals Evaluating catchment response to artificial rainfall from four weather generators for present and future climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 2578-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hjalte Jomo Danielsen Sørup ◽  
Steffen Davidsen ◽  
Roland Löwe ◽  
Søren Liedtke Thorndahl ◽  
Morten Borup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Artificial Rainfall ◽  
Weather Generators ◽  
Catchment Responses

Abstract The technical lifetime of urban water infrastructure has a duration where climate change has to be considered when alterations to the system are planned. Also, models for urban water management are reaching a very high complexity level with, for example, decentralized stormwater control measures being included. These systems have to be evaluated under as close-to-real conditions as possible. Long term statistics (LTS) modelling with observational data is the most close-to-real solution for present climate conditions, but for future climate conditions artificial rainfall time series from weather generators (WGs) have to be used. In this study, we ran LTS simulations with four different WG products for both present and future conditions on two different catchments. For the present conditions, all WG products result in realistic catchment responses when it comes to the number of full flowing pipes and the number and volume of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). For future conditions, the differences in the WGs representation of the expectations to climate change is evident. Nonetheless, all future results indicate that the catchments will have to handle more events that utilize the full capacity of the drainage systems. Generally, WG products are relevant to use in planning of future changes to sewer systems.

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