scholarly journals 859 Evaluation of Kojic Acid and Hydroquinone on Melanoderm™ skin model as controls in screening architecture for skin lightening actives and formulas

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. S149
Author(s):  
C. Skobowiat ◽  
O. Dueva-Koganov ◽  
C. Crane ◽  
C. Mahon ◽  
R. Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Skin Lightening

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Kojic Acid as Used in Cosmetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 244S-273S ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Burnett ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Tumor Promotion ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Skin Lightening

Kojic acid functions as an antioxidant in cosmetic products. Kojic acid was not a toxicant in acute, chronic, reproductive, and genotoxicity studies. While some animal data suggested tumor promotion and weak carcinogenicity, kojic acid is slowly absorbed into the circulation from human skin and likely would not reach the threshold at which these effects were seen. The available human sensitization data supported the safety of kojic acid at a use concentration of 2% in leave-on cosmetics. Kojic acid depigmented black guinea pig skin at a concentration of 4%, but this effect was not seen at 1%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded that the 2 end points of concern, dermal sensitization and skin lightening, would not be seen at use concentrations below 1%; therefore, this ingredient is safe for use in cosmetic products up to that level.

scholarly journals Effects of Skin Lightening Cream Agents – Hydroquinone and Kojic Acid, on the Skin of Adult Female Experimental Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Oladele Owolabi ◽  
Oluseyi Sunday Fabiyi ◽  
Lola Adeola Adelakin ◽  
Miriammillicent Chinenyenwa Ekwerike
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Skin Lightening

scholarly journals Tyrosinase Inhibitor and Antioxidant Activity of Seaweed Powder from Fresh and Dried Sargassum plagyophyllum

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayun Erwina Arifianti ◽  
Effionora Anwar ◽  
Nurjanah Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitor ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Skin Lightening

<p>Sargassum plagyophyllum from Sargassaceae family contains various bioactive compounds, namely<br />phlorotannin which is reported as an antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor. Tyrosinase inhibitor and<br />antioxidant activity from seaweed powder that obtained from seaweed’s slurry have not been reported. Thus,<br />this study was aimed to obtain the best seaweed slurry and powder from S. plagyophyllum based on tyrosinase<br />inhibitor and antioxidant activity, so it can be used as active substance in skin lightening cosmetic formula.<br />S. plagyophyllum which prepared fresh and dried was processed into seaweed slurry and lyophilization<br />to form powder. Antioxidant activity which was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)<br />radical scavenging method found the IC50 values of ascorbic acid was 0.0035 mg/mL; fresh slurry 27.31<br />mg/mL; dried slurry 41.13 mg/mL; fresh powder 2.21 mg/mL; and dried powder 13.18 mg/mL. Moreover,<br />the tyrosinase inhibitory activity which was measured by enzimatic reaction with L-tyrosine as substrate<br />found IC50 values kojic acid 0.0076 mg/mL; fresh powder 4.97 mg/mL; and dried powder 11.35 mg/mL. Seaweed powder obtained from fresh ingredient is the most optimal result based on its tyrosinase inhibitor<br />and antioxidant activity, thus potential to be developed further as active substance for lightening cosmetic<br />formula.<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Virtual Screening of Selected Natural Products as Human Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1 Blockers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidi Duru ◽  
Ijeoma Duru ◽  
Chiagoziem Chidiebere
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Skin Lightening ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein ◽  
Human Tyrosinase

Many researchers have widely explored the need to replace the harmful compound hydroquinone in skin-lightening creams with more skin-friendly compounds that can give similar results. Some compounds from the plant kingdom have been shown to possess human tyrosinase inhibitory action with no adverse effect on the skin. In this study, the virtual screen of glabridin, kojic acid, arbutin, niacinamide, ascorbic acid, salicin, lactic acid, glutathione, azelaic acid, linoleic acid, glycolic acid, acclaimed to possess this activity as well as the synthetic compound hydroquinone, as human tyrosinase-related protein 1 inhibitor was investigated using computational methods. Site-directed docking was performed at the binding pocket on the enzyme carrying the cocrystallized ligand tropolone. The binding affinity of salicin (-6.7 kcal/mol), a-arbutin (-6.3 kcal/mol), glutathione (-6.2 kcal/mol), ascorbic acid (-5.7 kcal/mol), and niacinamide (-5.7 kcal/mol) were higher than that of the cocrystallized ligand tropolone (-5.5 kcal/mol) and the synthetic skin lightening compound hydroquinone (-4.8 kcal/mol). a-arbutin and glutathione also interacted with similar amino acids units as hydroquinone, suggesting that they followed the exact mechanism of action. These findings strongly corroborate the claim that these natural products could inhibit melanin production and may serve to replace hydroquinone in skin lightening creams.

scholarly journals A Derivative Spectrometric Method for Hydroquinone Determination in the Presence of Kojic Acid, Glycolic Acid, and Ascorbic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenovia Moldovan ◽  
Dana Elena Popa ◽  
Iulia Gabriela David ◽  
Mihaela Buleandra ◽  
Irinel Adriana Badea
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Skin Lightening

A new, simple, and sensitive spectrometric method was developed for hydroquinone (HQ) determination in the presence of other depigmenting agents (kojic acid (KA), glycolic acid (GA), and ascorbic acid (AA)), commonly introduced in skin lightening products. The method is based on the oxidation of the depigmenting agents by potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid medium and subsequent measurement of the amplitude of the first-order derivative absorption spectrum at 268 nm. By applying the zero-crossing method, at this wavelength, the oxidation products of KA, AA, and GA do not interfere in the indirect determination of HQ. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.22–22 μg·mL−1 HQ, with a detection limit of 0.07 μg·mL−1. The developed method was applied with good results for the first time to the rapid determination of HQ in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures, thus proving that it could represent an effective tool for various skin lightening products analyses.

scholarly journals Landscape dynamic network biomarker analysis reveals the tipping point of transcriptome reprogramming to prevent skin photodamage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengming Zhang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Jing Ge ◽  
Tingyan Mi ◽  
Xiao Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Critical Transition ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Uvb Irradiation ◽  
Network Biomarker ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Landscape Dynamic ◽  
Skin Lightening ◽  
3D Skin

Abstract Skin, as the outmost layer of human body, is frequently exposed to environmental stressors including pollutants and ultraviolet (UV), which could lead to skin disorders. Generally, skin response process to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is a nonlinear dynamic process, with unknown underlying molecular mechanism of critical transition. Here, the landscape dynamic network biomarker (l-DNB) analysis of time series transcriptome data on 3D skin model was conducted to reveal the complicated process of skin response to UV irradiation at both molecular and network levels. The advanced l-DNB analysis approach showed that: (i) there was a tipping point before critical transition state during pigmentation process, validated by 3D skin model; (ii) 13 core DNB genes were identified to detect the tipping point as a network biomarker, supported by computational assessment; (iii) core DNB genes such as COL7A1 and CTNNB1 can effectively predict skin lightening, validated by independent human skin data. Overall, this study provides new insights for skin response to repetitive UVB irradiation, including dynamic pathway pattern, bi-phasic response, and DNBs for skin lightening change, and enables us to further understand the skin resilience process after external stress.

Determination of α-Arbutin, β-Arbutin, Kojic Acid, Nicotinamide, Hydroquinone, Resorcinol, 4-Methoxyphenol, 4-Ethoxyphenol and Vitamin C from Cosmetic Products Using LC-UV Method

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
YH Wang ◽  
C Avonto ◽  
B Avula ◽  
M Wang ◽  
IA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Cosmetic Products
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