Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Dan Akar Singawalang (Petiveria alliaceae) Terhadap Penghambatan Tirosinase

Tyrosinase is an enzyme that plays a role in the formation of skin pigments from a person because it is involved in the process of melanogenesis. Tyrosinase plays a very important role in the skin depigmentation process, there are several attempts to inhibit the skin depigmentation process, one of which is by inhibiting tyrosinase. Research on the leaves and roots of singawalang (Petiveria alliacea) was conducted to determine the potential as a tyrosinase inhibitor. Leaves and root extracts of singawalang were macerated with ethanol, then tested for identification of secondary metabolites. Singawalang leaves extract contains alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids while singawalang root extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity used the microplate reader ELISA technique at a wavelength of 492 nm. Tests were carried out on kojic acid as a comparison and L-DOPA as a substrate. The results of the tyrosinase inhibition activity test for the extracts of singawalang leaves, singawalang roots and kojic acid, IC50 were 9.817 mg / mL, 4.987 mg / mL and 0.092 mg / mL, respectively.

UTILIZATION OF THYROSINASE INHIBITORS FROM Artocarpus heterophyllus LEAVES AS ALTERNATE FOR MERCURY IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN THE FORM OF HALAL AND THOYYIB GEL

Along with the times there is an increasing need from various fields including cosmetics. The use of cosmetics among the public is used to maintain healthy skin, beautify and maintain appearance. This increased demand for cosmetics has led to industrial competition so that there are many producers who take advantage of using a mixture of harmful substances in the manufacture of cosmetics. Mercury is a toxic cosmetic ingredient which has been widely circulating in the market. The impact of using mercury includes allergies, poisoning, and damage. The halalness of a product is an important thing in the life of a Muslim, the requirements for a cosmetics are said to be halal based on the origin of the constituent ingredients, processing and the process of obtaining them, while for cosmetic safety it is based on the function and impact it causes. The importance of monitoring halal cosmetic products is not only the role of the government, but also from the producers and consumers who are wise in the use and manufacture of cosmetics. Overcoming this problem is by making cosmetics from natural ingredients in the form of jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus hetetophyllus) as a substitute for the use of mercury by inhibiting the formation of tyrosine which produces melanin pigment which makes skin dark. This paper uses a maceration method in extracting young jackfruit leaves, then testing the phytochemicals on the leaf extract, which contains tyrosinase inhibitors which are classified as polyphenols. Furthermore, the preparation of cosmetic gel preparations was carried out, then the stability test was carried out including the organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test, and homogeneity test to determine the reactivity of the prepared gel which could later be mass produced. The gel making with the active compound tyrosinase inhibitor from jackfruit leaves fulfills the requirements of halal cosmetics and thoyyib is shown by not using haram and dangerous substances through the action of a tyrosinase inhibitor in the form of acetocarpanone which has no side effect on the body because it is obtained from natural ingredients.

Intsia bijuga Heartwood Extract and Its Phytosome as Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Sun Protector

Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) wood (Indonesian: Merbau) is commercial wood with high economic value and is most commonly found in Indonesia. Intsia wood extractives have biological activities related to their potential as natural active ingredients for antiaging cosmetics This study aimed to select the best extraction solvent and phytosome formulation of I. bijuga heartwood extract as an active ingredient for topical antiaging cosmetics. There were five and three variations on extraction solvent and phytosome formulation, respectively. Three main antiaging activity parameters, namely antioxidant, antityrosinase, and sun protection factor (SPF) values, were considered in selecting the best extract and phytosome formula. The results showed that 50% ethanol possessed good antioxidant and antityrosinase activity, but was lower in SPF value, which was significantly different than in other extracts. The phytochemical profile revealed robidanol and robinetin as the main constituent in five I. bijuga extracts. Phytosome F3 possessed high antioxidant, antityrosinase, and SPF values compared to other 50% ethanol phytosome extracts. It could be concluded that I. bijuga ethanol extracts and its phytosome are potent enough to be developed as an antiaging active ingredient in topical use cosmetics.

Using a Cellular System to Directly Assess the Effects of Cosmetic Microemulsion Encapsulated DeoxyArbutin

DeoxyArbutin (dA) is a tyrosinase inhibitor that has effective skin-lightening activity and has no obvious cytotoxicity toward melanocytes. With the aim of directly evaluating the effects of microemulsions containing dA on cells, we developed oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions with relatively lower cytotoxicities by using polysorbate-series surfactants. Measurement of the transparent properties and particle size analysis at different storage time periods revealed that the developed microemulsions were stable. Moreover, the developed microemulsions had direct effects on B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. The anti-melanogenesis activities of dA-containing microemulsions were evidently better than that of the free dA group. The results demonstrated that the developed microemulsion encapsulating dA may allow the use of deoxyArbutin instead of hydroquinone to treat dermal hyperpigmentation disorders in the future.

Phlorotannins Derived From the Brown Alga Colpomenia bullosa as Tyrosinase Inhibitors

Tyrosinase catalyzes hydroxylation of L-tyrosine and dehydrogenation of L-DOPA in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. Tyrosinase inhibitors have potential use as cosmetic whitening agents and for preventing seafood deterioration. In this report, tyrosinase inhibitors extracted from brown alga Colpomenia bullosa (Scytosiphonaceae, Scytosiphonales) were investigated. Inhibitory principles were isolated from the extract and identified as phlorotannins, phloroglucinol (1), diphlorethol (2), triphlorethol C (3), which have not been isolated in a free form previously, and fucophlorethol C (4). Compounds 3 and 4 have not been reported previously as tyrosinase inhibitors. Triphlorethol C (3) was the most potent tyrosinase inhibitor among the phlorotannins isolated, whereas isomeric fucophlorethol C (4) displayed the weakest inhibitory activity. The results suggest that molecular structures of phlorotannins strongly affect their tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

PENGARUH SURFAKTAN PEG-7 GLYCERYL COCOATE-SPAN80 DAN PEG-40 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL-SPAN80 TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK KRIM alfa-ARBUTIN

alfa arbutin is a derivative of hydroquinone to treat hyperpigmentation disorders which acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The hydrophilic nature of ?-arbutin requires a dosage form that can increase its penetration into the skin is a cream. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surfactants PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate-Span80 and PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil-Span80 on the physical characteristics of ?-arbutin cream. The cream formulation made into 2 formula, F1 using PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil-Span80 and F2 using PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate-Span80. Physical characteristics including organoleptic testing, emulsion type, pH, viscosity and Spreadability. The results obtained from the two cream formulas showed a significant difference in the measurement of pH, viscosity and Spreadability values. The results of the pH value of F1 and F2 are 5.74 and 6.24. The viscosity results obtained from F1 and F2 are 50500cPs and 43333cPs. The spreadability measurement results obtained from F1 and F2 were 9.93cm and 11.33cm. The results spreadability will be inversely proportional to the results of the viscosity obtained. The higher the viscosity yield, the smaller the spreadability of a cream.

Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin (CMC) Derivatives Inhibit Tyrosinase Activity and Melanin Synthesis in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells

Skin hyperpigmentation disorders arise due to excessive production of the macromolecular pigment melanin catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase. Recently, the therapeutic use of curcumin for inhibiting tyrosinase activity and production of melanin have been recognized, but poor stability and solubility have limited its use, which has inspired synthesis of curcumin analogs. Here, we investigated four novel chemically modified curcumin (CMC) derivatives (CMC2.14, CMC2.5, CMC2.23 and CMC2.24) and compared them to the parent compound curcumin (PC) for inhibition of in vitro tyrosinase activity using two substrates for monophenolase and diphenolase activities of the enzyme and for diminution of cellular melanogenesis. Enzyme kinetics were analyzed using Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots and nonlinear curve-fitting to determine the mechanism for tyrosinase inhibition. Copper chelating activity, using pyrocatechol violet dye indicator assay, and antioxidant activity, using a DPPH radical scavenging assay, were also conducted. Next, the capacity of these derivatives to inhibit tyrosinase-catalyzed melanogenesis was studied in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and the mechanisms of inhibition were elucidated. Inhibition mechanisms were studied by measuring intracellular tyrosinase activity, cell-free and intracellular α-glucosidase enzyme activity, and effects on MITF protein level and cAMP maturation factor. Our results showed that CMC2.24 showed the greatest efficacy as a tyrosinase inhibitor of all the CMCs and was better than PC as well as a popular tyrosinase inhibitor-kojic acid. Both CMC2.24 and CMC2.23 inhibited tyrosinase enzyme activity by a mixed mode of inhibition with a predominant competitive mode. In addition, CMC2.24 as well as CMC2.23 showed a comparable robust efficacy in inhibiting melanogenesis in cultured melanocytes. Furthermore, after removal of CMC2.24 or CMC2.23 from the medium, we could demonstrate a partial recovery of the suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity in the melanocytes. Our results provide a proof-of-principle for the novel use of the CMCs that shows them to be far superior to the parent compound, curcumin, for skin depigmentation.