SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination: a prospective cohort study

AbstractBackgroundImmune correlates of protection from COVID-19 are important, but incompletely understood.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in 2,826 participants working in hospitals and Fire and Police services in England, UK during the pandemic(ISRCTN5660922). Of these, 2,672 were unselected volunteers recruited irrespective of previous SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results, and 154 others were recruited separately specifically because they previously tested positive. At recruitment in June 2020, we measured numbers of interferon-γ secreting, SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells using T-SPOT®Discovery SARS-CoV-2 kits (Oxford Immunotec Ltd), and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 proteins using commercial immunoassays. We then described time to microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, stratified by immunological parameters.ResultsT cells responsive to the spike (S), nuclear (N) and membrane proteins (M) dominated the responses measured. Using the sum of the spots (responsive cells within each well of 250,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells) for S, N and M antigens minus the control, the 2,672 unselected participants were divided into those with higher responses (n=669, 25.4%; median 30 spots (IQR 18,54)) and those with low responses (n=2016, 76.7%, median 3 (IQR 1,6)), the cutoff we derived being 12 spots. Of the participants with higher T cell responses, 367 (53%) had detectable antibodies against the N or S proteins. During a median of 118 days follow-up, 20 participants with lower T cell responses developed COVID-19, compared with none in the population with high T cell responses (log-rank test, p=6×10−3).ConclusionsPeripheral blood SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cell numbers are associated with risk of developing COVID-19.

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Prognostic value of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4+ T-cell responses for progression to AIDS analyzed in a prospective cohort study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2005-07-2907 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 107 (4) ◽

pp. 1427-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

C. A. Jansen

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

T Cell ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Hiv 1

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Longitudinal Analysis of Memory B and T Cell Responses to Dengue Virus in a 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Thailand.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.736117476.793581249 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tian Wang

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

T Cell ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Cell Responses

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Sleep problems increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain in boys but not girls: a prospective cohort study

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-020-03667-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 179 (11) ◽

pp. 1711-1719

Author(s):

Alessandro Andreucci ◽

Paul Campbell ◽

Lisa K Mundy ◽

Susan M Sawyer ◽

Silja Kosola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

One Year

Abstract Adults with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain, but the evidence is less clear for children. This prospective cohort study investigated whether children with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain and explored whether sex is a modifier of this association. In a prospective cohort study of Australian schoolchildren (n = 1239, mean age 9 years), the associations between sleep problems at baseline and new onset of both musculoskeletal pain and persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain lasting > 3 months) 1 year later were investigated using logistic regression. The potential modifying effect of sex was also assessed. One-year incidence proportion for musculoskeletal pain onset is 43% and 7% for persistent musculoskeletal pain. Sleep problems were associated with musculoskeletal pain onset and persistent musculoskeletal pain onset in boys, odds ratio 2.80 (95% CI 1.39, 5.62) and OR 3.70 (1.30, 10.54), respectively, but not girls OR 0.58 (0.28, 1.19) and OR 1.43 (0.41, 4.95), respectively. Conclusions: Rates of musculoskeletal pain are high in children. Boys with sleep problems are at greater risk of onset of musculoskeletal pain, but girls do not appear to have higher risk. Consideration of sleep health may help prevent persistent musculoskeletal pain in children. What is Known:• Sleep problems are associated with the onset of musculoskeletal pain in adults.• It is not clear if the association between sleep problems and the onset of musculoskeletal pain is present also in children and if sex plays a role in this association. What is New:• This is the first large population-based study that has prospectively investigated the relationship between sleep problems and onset of musculoskeletal pain in school-aged children.• Children, especially boys with sleep problems, were at increased risk for the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain.

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Long-term predictors of remission in patients treated for medication-overuse headache at a specialized headache center: A prospective cohort study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102416683918 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 265-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jasna J Zidverc-Trajkovic ◽

Tatjana Pekmezovic ◽

Zagorka Jovanovic ◽

Aleksandra Pavlovic ◽

Milija Mijajlovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Medication Overuse ◽

Medication Overuse Headache ◽

Predictive Values ◽

One Year ◽

The One

Objective To evaluate long-term predictors of remission in patients with medication-overuse headache (MOH) by prospective cohort study. Background Knowledge regarding long-term predictors of MOH outcome is limited. Methods Two hundred and forty MOH patients recruited from 2000 to 2005 were included in a one-year follow-up study and then subsequently followed until 31 December 2013. The median follow-up was three years (interquartile range, three years). Predictive values of selected variables were assessed by the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results At the end of follow-up, 102 (42.5%) patients were in remission. The most important predictors of remission were lower number of headache days per month before the one-year follow-up (HR-hazard ratio = 0.936, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.884–0.990, p = 0.021) and efficient initial drug withdrawal (HR = 0.136, 95% CI 0.042–0.444, p = 0.001). Refractory MOH was observed in seven (2.9%) and MOH relapse in 131 patients (54.6%). Conclusions Outcome at the one-year follow-up is a reliable predictor of MOH long-term remission.

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