scholarly journals A new approach to understanding structure-function relationships in cytochromes P450 by targeting terpene metabolism in the wild

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Wong ◽  
Xinyue Liu ◽  
Hannah Lloyd ◽  
Allison M. Colthart ◽  
Alexander E. Ferrazzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
New Approach ◽  
In The Wild

scholarly journals Orchid Reintroduction Based on Seed Germination-Promoting Mycorrhizal Fungi Derived From Protocorms or Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ke Zhao ◽  
Marc-André Selosse ◽  
Limin Wu ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Shi-Cheng Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ecological Specificity

Orchids are among the most endangered in the plant kingdom. Lack of endosperm in their seeds renders orchids to depend on nutrients provided by orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) for seed germination and seedling formation in the wild. OMF that parasitize in germination seeds is an essential element for orchid seedling formation, which can also help orchid reintroduction. Considering the limitations of the previous orchid reintroduction technology based on seed germination-promoting OMF (sgOMF) sourced from orchid roots, an innovative approach is proposed here in which orchid seeds are directly co-sown with sgOMF carrying ecological specificity from protocorms/seedlings. Based on this principle, an integrative and practical procedure concerning related ecological factors is further raised for re-constructing long-term and self-sustained orchid populations. We believe that this new approach will benefit the reintroduction of endangered orchids in nature.

scholarly journals Arabian oryx reintroduction in Oman: successes and setbacks

Oryx ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Spalton ◽  
M. W. Lawerence ◽  
S. A. Brend
Keyword(s):  
Wild Population ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Arabian Oryx ◽  
Supplementary Feed

AbstractThe return of the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx to Oman symbolized the success of a new approach to species conservation and established reintroduction as a conservation tool. Ten years after the species had been exterminated in the wild by poaching, the first 10 founder oryx, descendants of the ′World Herd′, were reintroduced to the desert in central Oman in January 1982. A second release followed in 1984 and the population grew slowly through a 3-year drought that was broken by rain in June 1986. Further years of good rainfall and more founders meant that by April 1990 there were over 100 oryx in the wild, independent of supplementary feed and water, and using a range of over 11,000 sq km. At that time a new monitoring programme was implemented that allowed the transition from individual- to population-based monitoring and management. The population continued to grow and by October 1995 numbered approximately 280 in the wild (of which 22 were surviving founders) and used over 16,000 sq km of the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary. However, in February 1996 poaching resumed and oryx were captured for sale as live animals outside the country. Despite the poaching the population continued to increase and by October 1996 was estimated to be just over 400. However, poaching intensified and continued through late 1996 and 1997. By September 1998 it had reduced the wild population to an estimated 138 animals, of which just 28 were females. The wild population was no longer considered viable and action was taken to rescue some of the remaining animals from the wild to form a captive herd.

scholarly journals Structure - Function Analysis of the Cytochromes P450, Responsible for Phenprocoumon Metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Quiroga ◽  
Thomas Scior
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Tertiary Structures

Phenprocoumon is an oral anticoagulant used for the prophylaxis and treatment of disorders due to thrombosis. However, if oral anticoagulants are not metabolized, they could exacerbate and generate clotting disorders. Phenprocoumon is metabolized by at least four hepatic enzymes members of the cytochromes P450 family; three of which are members of the same subfamily (CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2C8). Even with too many differences in their amino acid sequence and tertiary structures, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 have the most similar metabolic activity on phenprocoumon. In this study, we were able to explain these activity similarities using force fields of molecular mechanics for geometry and energy optimization in combination with docking techniques. The results were compared to study Structure-Function Relationships (SFR) of our four target proteins (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2C8 and CYP3A4). The study and prediction of metabolism and sites of metabolisms of drugs was successfully performed using this approach.

Patch Fluorometry: Shedding New Light on Ion Channels

Physiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Channel Protein ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Free Membrane ◽  
Membrane Patch

Patch fluorometry has emerged as a new approach to the study of the structure-function relationship in membrane-embedded functional ion channels. Simultaneous fluorescent and electrical recordings are achieved from a small number of channels in a cell-free membrane patch, yielding high recording sensitivities. Further improvement of this approach should permit direct observation of the gating motion of a single-channel protein.

Structure−Function Relationships of Human Liver Cytochromes P450 3A:  Aflatoxin B1 Metabolism as a Probe†

Biochemistry ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (36) ◽  
pp. 12536-12545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifen Wang ◽  
Ryan Dick ◽  
Hequn Yin ◽  
Estefania Licad-Coles ◽  
Deanna L. Kroetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Cytochromes P450

scholarly journals Structure–Function Studies of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Biphenyl, and Their Derivatives in Interaction with and Oxidation by Cytochromes P450 2A13 and 2A6

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Shimada ◽  
Shigeo Takenaka ◽  
Kensaku Kakimoto ◽  
Norie Murayama ◽  
Young-Ran Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Cytochromes P450

scholarly journals Selenium Modulates the Level of Auxin to Alleviate the Toxicity of Cadmium in Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo ◽  
Wei ◽  
Sun ◽  
Wang ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Auxin Synthesis ◽  
Auxin Efflux Carriers ◽  
Total P

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that potentially threatens human health worldwide. Developing approaches for efficiently treating environmental Cd is a priority. Selenium (Se) plays important role in the protection of plants against various abiotic stresses, including heavy metals. Previous research has shown that Se can alleviate Cd toxicity, but the molecular mechanism is still not clear. In this study, we explore the function of auxin and phosphate (P) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), with particular focus on their interaction with Se and Cd. Under Cd stress conditions, low Se (10 μM) significantly increased the biomass and antioxidant capacity of tobacco plants and reduced uptake of Cd. We also measured the auxin concentration and expression of auxin-relative genes in tobacco and found that plants treated with low Se (10 μM) had higher auxin concentrations at different Cd supply levels (0 μM, 20 μM, 50 μM) compared with no Se treatment, probably due to increased expression of auxin synthesis genes and auxin efflux carriers. Overexpression of a high affinity phosphate transporter NtPT2 enhanced the tolerance of tobacco to Cd stress, possibly by increasing the total P and Se content and decreasing Cd accumulation compared to that in the wild type (WT). Our results show that there is an interactive mechanism among P, Se, Cd, and auxin that affects plant growth and may provide a new approach for relieving Cd toxicity in plants.

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