Balance between larval and pupal development time in carrion blowflies

2021 ◽  
pp. 104292
Author(s):  
Larissa Komo ◽  
Damien Charabidze
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Pupal Development

scholarly journals Natural variation in the growth and development of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) developing in three moose (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) antlers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Angell ◽  
Olivia Cook
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
The Relationship

In animals, the early-life environment influences growth and development, which can have lasting effects on life history and fitness into adulthood. We investigated patterns of growth, pupal development time, and their covariation, in wild antler fly larvae (Protopiophila litigata; Diptera: Piophilidae) of both sexes collected from three discarded moose antlers of varying size, chewing damage (used to infer relative age), and antler fly density. Males tended to be smaller and their pupation lasted longer than females. One of the antlers was highly attractive to adult antler flies, whereas the other two attracted few or none. Individuals from one antler of low attractiveness were smaller and took longer to eclose than individuals from either other antler, perhaps due to its high larval density. The relationship between body size and pupal development time also differed among antlers, being positively correlated in the most attractive antler and negatively correlated in the two other antlers.

scholarly journals Influence of parasitoid Paravilla sp. (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on the development of larvae of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Lucimara Modesto Nonato ◽  
Gustavo Graciolli ◽  
Tatiane Do Nascimento Lima
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Host Death ◽  
Antlion Larvae

Parasitoids manipulate the host metabolism for their own benefit by influencing its development and the direct or indirect result of it is the host death. This study aimed to observe the influence of parasitoidism of Paravilla sp. (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on the development of antlion larvae Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). The specific objectives were to verify in which larval instars the parasitoid oviposition occurs, the influence of the parasitoid on the larval and pupal development time of M. brasiliensis, the differences in body length of the antlion larvae, as well as of the sex ratio of M. brasiliensis adults. For this, the larvae were differentiated in 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar and measures on body length (head-abdomen) and accompanied until the emergence of the adult. It was observed that the parasitoid Paravilla sp. attacked only the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. The parasitoid Paravilla sp. oviposited only in 2nd and 3rd instars larvae. No significant differences were observed on larval development time, in the larval body length and in the adult sex ratio between groups of parasitized and non-parasitized M. brasiliensis larvae, however, was observed differences in the pupal development time of these two groups. Thus, we can conclude that the parasitoid Paravilla sp. influences the development time of M. brasiliensis pupal.

scholarly journals Effect of energetic cost to maintain the trap for Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) in its development and adult size

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Lima ◽  
D. C. R. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract Antlion larvae Myrmeleon brasiliensis Návas, 1914 (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) are sit-and-wait predators who build traps to catch their prey. The aim of this study was to observe under laboratory conditions, how the energy cost spent on maintenance of their traps affects: the larval developmental time, time spent as a pupa, mortality rate of larvae and adult size. M. brasiliensis larvae were collected in the municipality of Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil and were individually maintained in plastic containers and subjected to two treatments. In the control treatment larvae did not have their traps disturbed while in the manipulated treatment, larvae had their traps disturbed three times a week. The experiments were followed until adult emergence. When the adults emerged, their body size (head-abdomen), anterior and posterior wing span and width were measured. Furthermore, the number of larvae that died during the experiment was recorded. The results showed that the larvae whose traps were manipulated had longer larval development time, smaller pupal development time and were smaller adults. It can be concluded that the energy expenditure spent on maintenance of the trap constructed by M. brasiliensis larvae can affect the development of negative ways, represented by a longer larval development and reduced adult size.

scholarly journals Immature life cycle of laboratory-reared Phylloicus elektoros and Phylloicus amazonas (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) from a central Amazonian stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Renato Tavares MARTINS ◽  
Kleicy Maciel SOARES ◽  
Neusa HAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Organic Matter Processing

ABSTRACT We reared field-collected egg masses of the caddisflies Phylloicus amazonas (n = 2) and Phylloicus elektoros (n = 7) to adulthood. First instar larvae of both species hatched up to five days after field collection. Median development time from first larval instar to adult was 229 days for P. amazonas and 275 for P. elektoros, including the pupal development time (median of 13.5 and 16 days, respectively). Shredder organisms have been used frequently in studies related to organic matter processing in freshwater ecosystems. The biological information reported in here may be useful for the design of experimental studies in the field or under laboratory conditions.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EMERGENCE OF OVERWINTERING PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE APANTELES ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN NOVA SCOTIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Threshold Of Development

AbstractAdult emergence of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), and its primary endoparasite, Apanteles ornigis Weed, from overwintering pupae was studied at five constant temperatures. Days to 50% emergence for P. blancardella were 55.4, 24.4, 14.4, 10.8, and 8.3 and for A. ornigis were ∞, 47.8, 25.6, 17.6, and 15.1 at 8°, 12°, 16°, 20°, and 24 °C, respectively. The rate of pupal development was approximately a linear function of temperature for P. blancardella but was nonlinear for A. ornigis. The threshold of development, estimated from the 50% emergence data, was 4.4 ±.33 °C for the host and 9.6 ±.50 °C for the parasite. The development time for the host was approximately one half that for the parasite at temperatures 12°–24 °C. The difference in emergence dates between host and parasite under normal Nova Scotia conditions was predicted to be 35 days. The timing of chemical controls in an integrated pest management program could be predicted from the accumulation of daily development units based on the power function for both species, provided a field study is undertaken to confirm the extrapolation to diurnal temperature regimes.

scholarly journals Natural variation in the growth and development of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) developing in three moose (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) antlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (04) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Angell ◽  
Olivia Cook
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn animals, the early-life environment influences growth and development, which can have lasting effects on life history and fitness into adulthood. We investigated the patterns of growth, pupal development time, and their covariation inProtopiophila litigataBonduriansky (Diptera: Piophilidae) larvae of both sexes collected from three discarded moose (Alces alces(Linnaeus) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)) antlers of varying size, chewing damage (used to infer relative age), andP. litigatadensity. Males tended to be smaller and their pupation lasted longer than females. One of the antlers was highly attractive to adultP. litigata, whereas the other two attracted few or none. Individuals from one antler of low attractiveness were smaller and took longer to eclose than individuals from either other antler, perhaps due to its high larval density. The relationship between body size and pupal development time also differed among antlers, being positively correlated in the most attractive antler and negatively correlated in the two other antlers.

PERFORMANCE OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), ON FOUR ALFALFA VARIETIES

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Drolet ◽  
Jeremy N. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Ovipositional Preference ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer ◽  
Agromyza Frontella

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions adult feeding, ovipositional preference, daily fecundity and longevity, as well as larval and pupal development time and survival of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, were compared on Anchor, Vernal, Iroquois, and Saranac varieties of alfalfa. Although some significant differences were noted, no constant trends were evident when considering all parameters, and rmax values for A. frontella (Rondani) on the four varieties tested were very similar.Data from field plots confirmed that intervarietal differences of the varieties tested were not of sufficient magnitude to markedly affect the population dynamics of this pest species.

Framework for Semantic Search Enabled Software Component Repository (SSESCR)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Sharma ◽  
Vijay Singh Rathore ◽  
Chandikaditya Kumawat
Keyword(s):  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Reuse ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Software Component ◽  
Semantic Search ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Efficient Search ◽  
Systematic Reuse ◽  
New System

Software reuse can improve software quality with the reducing cost and development time. Systematic reuse plan enhances cohesion and reduces coupling for better testability and maintainability. Software reuse approach can be adopted at the highest extent if relevant software components can be easily searched, adapted and integrated into new system. Large software industries hold their own well managed component libraries containing well tested software component with the project category based classification .Access to these repositories are very limited. Software reuse is facing so many problems and still not so popular. This is due to issues of general access, efficient search and adoption of software component. This paper propose a framework which resolves all of the above issues with providing easy access to components, efficient incremental semantics based search, repository management, versioning of components.

X-Ray Tomography for Electronic Packages

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Goyal
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electronic Packages ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imaging Capability ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Next generation assembly/package development challenges are primarily increased interconnect complexity and density with ever shorter development time. The results of this trend present some distinct challenges for the analytical tools/techniques to support this technical roadmap. The key challenge in the analytical tools/techniques is the development of non-destructive imaging for improved time to information. This paper will present the key drivers for the non-destructive imaging, results of literature search and evaluation of key analytical techniques currently available. Based on these studies requirements of a 3D imaging capability will be discussed. Critical breakthroughs required for development of such a capability are also summarized.

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