X-Ray Tomography for Electronic Packages

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Goyal
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electronic Packages ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imaging Capability ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Next generation assembly/package development challenges are primarily increased interconnect complexity and density with ever shorter development time. The results of this trend present some distinct challenges for the analytical tools/techniques to support this technical roadmap. The key challenge in the analytical tools/techniques is the development of non-destructive imaging for improved time to information. This paper will present the key drivers for the non-destructive imaging, results of literature search and evaluation of key analytical techniques currently available. Based on these studies requirements of a 3D imaging capability will be discussed. Critical breakthroughs required for development of such a capability are also summarized.

Micro-computed X-ray tomography: a new non-destructive method of assessing sectional, fly-through and 3D imaging of a soft-bodied marine worm

2010 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DINLEY ◽  
L. HAWKINS ◽  
G. PATERSON ◽  
A.D. BALL ◽  
I. SINCLAIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Polychromy on the Antonine Wall Distance Sculptures: Non-destructive Identification of Pigments on Roman Reliefs

Britannia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 175-201
Author(s):  
Louisa Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wall Distance ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTNon-destructive analytical techniques are now widely and successfully employed in the fields of materials science and conservation. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and portable Raman spectrometry have proven particularly valuable for the rapid in-situ analysis of samples, but their applicability for the analysis of archaeological artefacts for which survival of surface treatments can be negatively impacted by post-depositional processes has been underexplored. Roman relief-sculpted monumental inscriptions from the Antonine Wall, commonly referred to as ‘Distance Slabs’, have offered an excellent opportunity to deploy these non-destructive techniques to determine whether they were originally adorned with pigments and, if so, to identify the colours used. This is a revolutionary approach to identifying colours on ancient sandstone sculpture that transforms our understanding of these unique monuments. Elemental composition analysis by pXRF has confirmed evidence for pigments and this is supported by the Raman results, making it possible to develop and reconstruct a palette of colours that originally brought these monuments to life in vibrant polychrome. The research offers a new methodology for identifying pigments on sandstone sculpture and opens new avenues for investigating other classes of material culture alongside the development of bespoke analytical equipment.

Pushing the limits: an instrument for hard X-ray imaging below 20 nm

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nazaretski ◽  
K. Lauer ◽  
H. Yan ◽  
N. Bouet ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Synchrotron Facility ◽  
Imaging Resolution ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Stability ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Non Destructive

Hard X-ray microscopy is a prominent tool suitable for nanoscale-resolution non-destructive imaging of various materials used in different areas of science and technology. With an ongoing effort to push the 2D/3D imaging resolution down to 10 nm in the hard X-ray regime, both the fabrication of nano-focusing optics and the stability of the microscope using those optics become extremely challenging. In this work a microscopy system designed and constructed to accommodate multilayer Laue lenses as nanofocusing optics is presented. The developed apparatus has been thoroughly characterized in terms of resolution and stability followed by imaging experiments at a synchrotron facility. Drift rates of ∼2 nm h−1accompanied by 13 nm × 33 nm imaging resolution at 11.8 keV are reported.

scholarly journals The microstructure investigation of plant architecture with X-ray microscopy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Ting La ◽  
Philipp Alexander Bastians ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, the plant morphology has been well studied by multiple approaches at cellular and subcellular levels. Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy techniques offer imaging of plant structures on a wide range of magnifications for researchers. However, subcellular imaging is still challenging in plant tissues like roots and seeds.ResultsHere we use a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology based on the ZEISS X-ray microscope (XRM) Versa and analyze several plant tissues from different plant species. The XRM provides new insights into plant structures using non-destructive imaging at high-resolution and high contrast. We also developed a workflow aiming to acquire accurate and high-quality images in the context of the whole specimen. Multiple plant samples including rice, tobacco, Arabidopsis and maize were used to display the differences of phenotypes, which indicates that the XRM is a powerful tool to investigate plant microstructure.ConclusionsOur work provides a novel observation method to evaluate and quantify tissue specific differences for a range of plant species. This new tool is suitable for non-destructive seed observation and screening.

EXPRESS: Systematic Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Isomorphy Between the Arsenate Minerals Roselite, Wendwilsonite, Zincroselite, Brandtite, and Rruffite.

2020 ◽  
pp. 000370282098425
Author(s):  
J. Theo Kloprogge
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Symmetry Reduction ◽  
Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Tetrahedral Symmetry ◽  
Crystal Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bending Modes ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Non Destructive

In nature a wide variety of minerals are known with the general formula X2M(TO4)2·2(H2O) and an important group is formed by minerals with T = As. Most of these occur as minor or trace minerals in environments such as hydrothermal alterations of primary sulfides and arsenides. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman microspectroscopy have been utilized to study the chemistry and crystal structure of the roselite subgroup minerals, Ca2M(AsO4)2·2H2O (with M = Co, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu). The arsenate AsO4 stretching region exhibited minor differences between the roselite subgroup minerals, which can be explained by the ionic radius of the cation substituting on the M position in the structure. Multiple AsO4 antisymmetric stretching vibrations were found, pointing to a tetrahedral symmetry reduction. Similar observations were made for the corresponding bending modes. Bands around 450 cm-1 were attributed to ν4 bending modes. Several bands in the 300–350cm-1 region attributed to ν2 bending modes also provide evidence of symmetry reduction of the AsO4 anion. Two broad bands for roselite were found around 3330 and 3120 cm-1 and were attributed to the OH stretching bands of crystal water. These bands are accompanied by two bands around 1700 and 1610 cm-1 attributed to the corresponding OH-bending modes. In conclusion, both XPS and Raman spectroscopy have been shown here to be valuable non-destructive analytical tools to characterize these secondary arsenate minerals. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy allow the chemistry and molecular structure of the roselite subgroup minerals to be studied in a non-destructive way. The minerals in the roselite subgroup are easily distinguished based on their chemical composition as determined by XPS. As expected for minerals with the same crystal structure, similarities exist in the Raman spectra, sufficient differences exist to be able to identify these minerals.

Revealing hidden features of a Japanese articulated iron lobster via non-destructive local element analysis and 3D imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Szentmiklósi ◽  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Manako Tanaka ◽  
Boglárka Maróti ◽  
Masato Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Element ◽  
Non Destructive

We present a workflow to non-destructively determine the elemental compositions of internal volumes of interest enclosed within complex-shaped objects, by combining 3D X-ray or neutron imaging, prompt-gamma activation analysis, and...

X-ray micro-CT and neutron CT as complementary imaging tools for non-destructive 3D imaging of rare silicified fossil plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. C12004-C12004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karch ◽  
J. Dudák ◽  
J. Žemlička ◽  
D. Vavřík ◽  
I. Kumpová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

3D x-ray microscopy with a storage phosphor plate detector

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
Roger H. Johnson ◽  
Robert M. Fisher ◽  
Alan C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Planar Detector ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Phosphor Plate ◽  
Ongoing Development

X-ray microscopy provides the ability to obtain transmission, micron-order spatial resolution images of thick, wet objects at atmospheric pressure, e.g. to image some living specimens under dynamic conditions. Past excitement in the field was dulled by difficulties in extracting desirable information from the vast amount of data which gets superimposed on an integrating planar detector such as film. Tomographic techniques such as backprojection reconstruction and laminography can solve the detail superimposition problem. Recent advances in solid state detectors facilitate the timely acquisition of multiple images required for tomographic imaging. We report here on our x-ray source and detector characteristics as well as initial planar microscopy and 3D imaging results from our ongoing development of a low-cost x-ray microtomograph.

Non-Invasive Analysis of Green Stone Pieces from Tomb 1 of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas

2014 ◽  
Vol 1618 ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Manrique-Ortega ◽  
P. Claes ◽  
E. Casanova-González ◽  
J. L. Ruvalcaba-Sil ◽  
Ma. A. García-Bucio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Trading Networks ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTRecently, a team of archaeologists discovered the existence of the oldest burial in a pyramid known to date in Mesoamerica. The tomb, referred to as Tomb 1, was discovered in Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico. In here, two skeletons were excavated along with a rich offering of green stone pieces, indicating their elite origin. The burial dresses consist of various necklaces, bracelets, belts, and anklets from which some beads were carved in the shape of gourds, monkeys, and alligators. Here we present a full, integrated methodology based on a variety of non-invasive and non-destructive analytical techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman, and Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. These techniques are used to characterize and identify the minerals which were found in these burials. This information contributes not only to conservation and restoration purposes, but also gives more insights on the green stone (jadeite and other minerals) trading networks between different cultures in south Mesoamerica in the Pre-Classic period (c.a. 750 – 700 B. C.).

scholarly journals Application of µ-Raman spectroscopy to the study of the corrosion products of archaeological coins

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Tilde De Caro ◽  
Emma Angelini ◽  
Leila Es Sebar
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Excavation Site

<p>In this paper, a study of the corrosion products formed on archaeological bronze artefacts excavated in Tharros (Sardinia, Italy) is presented. The investigation was carried out by means of the combination of different analytical techniques, including optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-RS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The artefacts under study are three bronze coins from the Phoenician–Punic period that are deeply corroded due to the chloride-rich soil of the Tharros excavation site. µ-Raman spectroscopy was chosen to investigate the corroded surfaces of the artefacts because it is a non-destructive technique, it has high spatial resolution, and it makes it possible to discriminate between polymorphs and correlate colour and chemical composition. Through µ-RS, it was possible to identify different mineralogical phases and different polymorphs, such as cuprite (Cu<sub>2</sub>O), copper trihydroxychloride [Cu<sub>2</sub>Cl(OH)<sub>3</sub>] polymorphs, hydroxy lead chloride laurionite [PbCl(OH)] and calcium carbonate polymorph aragonite. The experimental findings highlight that micro-Raman spectroscopy can be used to provide further knowledge regarding the environmental factors that may cause the degradation of archaeological bronzes in soil.</p>

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