scholarly journals Natural variation in the growth and development of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) developing in three moose (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) antlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (04) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Angell ◽  
Olivia Cook
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn animals, the early-life environment influences growth and development, which can have lasting effects on life history and fitness into adulthood. We investigated the patterns of growth, pupal development time, and their covariation inProtopiophila litigataBonduriansky (Diptera: Piophilidae) larvae of both sexes collected from three discarded moose (Alces alces(Linnaeus) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)) antlers of varying size, chewing damage (used to infer relative age), andP. litigatadensity. Males tended to be smaller and their pupation lasted longer than females. One of the antlers was highly attractive to adultP. litigata, whereas the other two attracted few or none. Individuals from one antler of low attractiveness were smaller and took longer to eclose than individuals from either other antler, perhaps due to its high larval density. The relationship between body size and pupal development time also differed among antlers, being positively correlated in the most attractive antler and negatively correlated in the two other antlers.

scholarly journals Natural variation in the growth and development of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) developing in three moose (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) antlers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Angell ◽  
Olivia Cook
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
The Relationship

In animals, the early-life environment influences growth and development, which can have lasting effects on life history and fitness into adulthood. We investigated patterns of growth, pupal development time, and their covariation, in wild antler fly larvae (Protopiophila litigata; Diptera: Piophilidae) of both sexes collected from three discarded moose antlers of varying size, chewing damage (used to infer relative age), and antler fly density. Males tended to be smaller and their pupation lasted longer than females. One of the antlers was highly attractive to adult antler flies, whereas the other two attracted few or none. Individuals from one antler of low attractiveness were smaller and took longer to eclose than individuals from either other antler, perhaps due to its high larval density. The relationship between body size and pupal development time also differed among antlers, being positively correlated in the most attractive antler and negatively correlated in the two other antlers.

scholarly journals The effect of growth and development intensity in replacement heifers on economically important traits of Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bouška ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
M. Krejčová ◽  
L. Bartoň
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of growth and development intensity in Holstein replacement heifers on economically important animal traits. The intensity of growth was assessed by the average live weight gain until 14 months of age. In addition, live weight and height at the sacrum at 14 months of age were analysed as indicators of growth and development when evaluating the length of productive life. The milk yield of first-calvers increased as the average daily live weight gain in the rearing period increased. An opposite tendency was recorded for cows in their second and third lactation and the total production also decreased with a higher growth rate of heifers. The analysis of the relationship between growth rate and the following reproduction traits revealed that the increased average daily live weight gain to 14 months was subsequently associated with reduced reproduction efficiency in cows. The differences between the groups with the lowest and the highest average live weight gains in the number of days open in the first and second calving interval were 26.78 and 17.47 days, respectively. This tendency was also confirmed in the other reproduction traits analysed. Productive life was significantly longer in animals with the lowest intensity of growth and development compared to the other groups (2.17 to 5.49 months, <i>P</i> < 0.01).

scholarly journals Influence of density and predators on metamorphic size in Rhinella schneideri tadpoles raised in mesocosm conditions

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Kehr ◽  
Valeria Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Size At Metamorphosis ◽  
Rhinella Schneideri ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAmphibians exhibit extreme plasticity in the timing of metamorphosis, and several species respond to water availability, accelerating metamorphosis when their ponds dry. We analyzed the plasticity of the developmental response to water volume in Rhinella schneideri tadpoles. We raised tadpoles in mesocosm. Covariation between body size at metamorphosis and timing of development was positive. Nevertheless, the first approximately 53% of the metamorphoses finishing the cycle required between 34 and 56 days, and the covariation between body size at metamorphosis and timing of development was negative. For these tadpoles, the larval density and the presence of predators did not significantly affect their mass to metamorphosis. Nevertheless, predators affected time to metamorphosis. For the remainder of the tadpoles that reached metamorphosis at > 56 days, the relationship between body size at metamorphosis and timing of development was positive. For these tadpoles, larval density was important for mass at metamorphosis and presence of predators was also important for time to metamorphosis. Two dominant features were observed: (i) approximately 53% of metamorphs had morphological features similar to individuals developing in desiccating ponds, and (ii) the other individuals had morphological characteristics comparable to metamorphs developing in an unchanging environment.

The relationship between early-life environment, the epigenome and the microbiota

Epigenomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber V Majnik ◽  
Robert H Lane
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak gizi buruk masa lalu di Kabupaten Tanggamus Provinsi Lampung

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Drajat Boediman ◽  
Toto Castro
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Undernutrition is one of factors that influences growth and development of children and causes lost generation. In Indonesia, 2.4 million of underfives suffered from undernutrition and 7 millions of them suffered from protein energy malnutrition. In Tanggamus Regency, 46% of children suffered from protein energy malnutrition and 81 cases suffered from undernutrition.Objective: To identify the relationship between children’s previous undernutrition and their recent growth and development.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Subjects were all undernutrition cases nursed in Regional Public Hospital of Pringsewu Tanggamus from 1999–2001. Antropometric measurement was done to children’s weight and height. The anthropometric indicators were weight for age z-score (waz), height for age z-score (haz), and weight for height z-score (whz). Raw motoric development was measured using Denver test. Data collected using questionnaire were child internal factors and external factors of family’s characteristics and health service. One variable analysis was done descriptively, while t-test was used to know the relationship between children’s previous undernutrition and their recent growth development.Results: There was relationship between previous undernutrition of children and their recent growth (p<0,05), but there was not relationship between undernutrition and their development (p>0,05). The other factor that had relationship with their development were the achievement of D/S (p<0,05). Factors of nutritionist, midwife, intervention, TBC’s suspect, head of household education, mother education, member of family, children’s parity, social status, salary, scope of D/S, scope of N/D, and scope of vitamin A tablet supplementation did not have the relationship with the growth and development of children (p>0,05).Conclusion: There was relationship between previous undernutrition of children and their recent growth, but there was not with the recent development of children. The achievement of D/S was the other factor that had relationship with the growth of children.

scholarly journals Faktor Determinan Sosial Mempengaruhi Manajemen Laktasi pada Ibu Hamil Diwilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kalumata Kecamatan Ternate Selatan Kota Ternate Tahun 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sulima Hamadun Gay
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Sulima Hamadun Gay*) Abstract : Lactation management for pregnant women is based on the consequences of the process of growth and development of the baby in the womb until the time of birth and during early life gold. This study aims to determine the relationship determinant with maternal lactation management working area Kalumata District Health Center South Ternate Ternate in North Maluku. In 2013.This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. Large sample of 180 pregnant women first and second trimester. Data analysis was done by Chi Scuare test and correction by using logistic regression. The results showed that there is a relationship between knowledge (p = 0.000), compliance (p = 0.000), husband's support (p = 0.000), health care (p = 0.000), the ability of officers (p = 0.001), and the local culture p = 0.002) while there was no association of economic status (p = 0148) on the implementation of management of lactation in pregnant women. From this study it can be concluded that the bulk of the determinant factors related to the implementation of the management of lactation in pregnant women, therefore, required the participation or cooperation of all parties in order to increase coverage breastfeeding infants.

2 Economic Growth and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses economic growth and economic development. The relationship between growth and development seems to be highly interrelated and share significant overlap. On the one hand, it has been said that economic growth is a necessary condition for development. Growth is essential to poverty reduction. If development is understood as poverty reduction, or at least poverty reduction is taken to be a key component of development, then by extension, growth is a prerequisite for development. On the other hand, it has been argued that growth also depends on development. This is premised on the understanding of development as structural transformation. The argument is that for there to be continuous growth, the economy and society must undergo transformation to become more productive. The chapter then considers how the concepts of economic growth and economic development may relate to competition law enforcement.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

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