Respiratory pathogens – Some altered antibiotic susceptibility after implementation of pneumococcus vaccine and antibiotic control strategies

Development of antibiotic resistance among common respiratory pathogens is a major cause of concern worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are among the most common respiratory pathogens. In this study, representative samples obtained from 3 different medical centers in Dakar, Senegal were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The samples were collected from 2005 to 2008 and the data obtained was compared to establish resistance patterns between the two years (i.e. 2005–2006 to 2007–2008). S. pneumoniae exhibited a significant increase in the resistance to azithromycin and the intermediate susceptibility to penicillin G and cotrimoxazole. H. influenzae also exhibited a significant increase in resistance to azithromycin and intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol. None of H. influenzae samples were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporin and fluroquinolones and most of the S. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated high susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Results from this study will provide greater insights to antibiotic therapy during respiratory tract infections in Dakar, Senegal. This study also establishes the importance of continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns that are often region-specific.

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The Nearchus project: Antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory pathogens and clinical outcome in lower respiratory tract infections at 27 centres in the UK

Journal of Infection ◽

10.1016/s0163-4453(98)80084-4 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. A16

Author(s):

R.N. Grüneberg ◽

D. Felmingham ◽

I. Harding ◽

S.B. Shrimpton ◽

A. Nathwani

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcome ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

The Uk ◽

Tract Infections

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Modeling Control Strategies of Respiratory Pathogens

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid1108.040449 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1249-1256 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Babak Pourbohloul ◽

Lauren Ancel Meyers ◽

Danuta M. Skowronski ◽

Mel Krajden ◽

David M. Patrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Respiratory Pathogens

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of respiratory pathogens obtained at tertiary care hospital from western Nepal

Nepal Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/njb.v7i1.26944 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Deepak Subedi ◽

Surya Prasad Devkota ◽

Dharm Raj Bhatta ◽

Binita Koirala Sharma ◽

Ashmita Paudel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Sensitivity Rate

The prevalence and drug resistance of the respiratory pathogens is increasing gradually in Nepal. However, their detail study is rare in the western region of Nepal. Hence, this study was carried out to know the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the respiratory pathogens obtained at a tertiary care center located at Pokhara. 139 pathogens were isolated from 460 clinical samples included. Significant pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria 94 (67.62%), followed by 28 (20.15%) Candida, and Gram-positive isolates 17 (12.23%). The growth rate was significantly higher for sputum samples in comparison to throat swabs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter were significant Gram-negative isolates while Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes were Gram-positive pathogens. Sensitivity rate was higher for colistin and imipenem among Gram-negative isolates while lower sensitivity was for cefepime. Vancomycin was effective against all tested Gram-positive isolates while erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were less effective.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Respiratory Pathogens Recently Isolated in Italy: Focus on Cefditoren

Journal of Chemotherapy ◽

10.1179/joc.2010.22.3.153 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Tempera ◽

P.M. Furneri ◽

N.A. Carlone ◽

C. Cocuzza ◽

R. Rigoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Respiratory Pathogens

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Influenza, RSV, and Other Respiratory Infections among Children in Qatar

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0133 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria K. Smatti ◽

Hamad E. Al-Romaihi ◽

Hebah A. Al-Khatib ◽

Peter V. Coyle ◽

Asmaa A Al Thani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Age Groups ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Respiratory Pathogen ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Gulf Region ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Syncytial Virus

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) lead to high rates of mortality and morbidity among children. However, studies on the etiology of respiratory infections among children in Qatar and surrounding countries are still limited. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and seasonality of RSV, influenza, and other respiratory pathogens among children in Qatar. Methods: We retrospectively collected data of 33,404 patients <15 years old presented with Influenza-like illness (ILI) from 2012 to 2017. All samples were tested for influenza viruses, while 30,946 were tested for a complete panel of 21 respiratory pathogens. Results: At least one respiratory pathogen was detected in 26,138 (78%) of patients. Together, human rhinoviruses (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza viruses comprised nearly two-thirds of all ILI cases, detected in 24%, 19.7%, and 18.5%, respectively. A detection rate of 5-10% was recorded for adenovirus, human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), bocavirus (HboV), and human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Other pathogens such as human metapneumovirus (HMPV), enteroviruses, mycoplasma pneumonia, and parechovirus had prevalence rates below 5%. ILI positive cases were detected throughout the year. RSV, influenza, HMPV exhibited strong seasonal activity in the winter, while HRV was primarily active during low RSV and influenza activity. The burden of RSV exceeds that of influenza among young age groups (<5 years), affecting 17-30% of ILI cases. Prevalence of influenza, on the other hand, correlated positively with age, ranging from 23% to 32% in age groups above five years. Further, male patients had higher rates of HRV (26%) and adenovirus (9%), whereas females showed a higher prevalence of influenza (22%), and RSV (20%) infections. Conclusion: This comprehensive report provides insights into the etiology of ILI among children in Qatar, which represents the Gulf region. Our results reinforce the significance of active surveillance of respiratory pathogens to improve infection prevention and control strategies, particularly among children.

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