Standardization of a novel blood-sampling method through the jugular vein for use in the quantified [14C] 2-deoxyglucose method

AbstractA device for the collection of discrete blood samples from large animals has been developed to allow studies of physiology to be undertaken without the confounding effect of restraint. A microprocessor controlled unit (measuring 180 × 110 × 90 mm), weighing less than 1-2 kg, is mounted on the back of the experimental subject using a simple harness. A sampling line is connected to a previously inserted jugular vein catheter. Samples of blood (approx. 5 ml) are collected at pre-determined times following a start time which can be delayed by up to 48 h to allow the subject to recover from any effects of attachment of the sampler. The results from three studies suggest that the device offers a novel way to overcome a number of difficulties which occur when conventional methods are used to collect blood in experiments.

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Effect of method of blood sample collection on adrenal activity in farmed red deer and sheep following administration of ACTH

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800009899 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I. Ferre ◽

P. J. Goddard ◽

A. J. Macdonald ◽

C. A. Littlewood ◽

E. I. Duff

Keyword(s):

Blood Sample ◽

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Red Deer ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Domestic Sheep ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Acth Stimulation ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Stimulation Tests

AbstractThe effect of method of blood sample collection (automatic blood sampling equipment (ABSE) v. manual) on cortisol and progesterone concentrations was investigated in 20 farmed red deer hinds and 20 domestic sheep ewes following dexamethasone and exogenous ACTH administration. Ten animals were subjected to either automatic sampling or manual sampling via jugular venipuncture in 1 week, with the treatment groups reversed in the 2nd week. The ABSE was programmed to collect a blood sample, then deliver 2 mg dexamethasone, collect a further blood sample 120 min later and then inject 100 fig ACTH. Thereafter, samples were collected at 15-min intervals during a 2·5 h period (12 samples in total). In the manual injection and sampling treatment, four samples were collected: (1) before dexamethasone administration, (2) before ACTH administration, (3) 60 min after ACTH administration, and (4) 150 min after ACTH administration. The success rate of blood sampling with ABSE was 80%. The overall mean packed cell volume (PCV) from samples collected by ABSE from both hinds and ewes was significantly lower than that from samples collected manually (P < 0·01) and PCV declined with time in manually sampled animals (P < 0·01). Plasma cortisol concentrations peaked at 45 min after ACTH administration in sheep and deer. In sheep, there was a marked fluctuation in the plasma cortisol concentrations with time. Both deer and sheep showed a reduced cortisol response to ACTH during week 2 irrespective of sampling method suggesting down-regulation of the response to ACTH. Maximum mean plasma progesterone concentration was reached at 15 to 30 min after ACTH administration. No significant differences in cortisol and progesterone responses due to blood sampling method were found in animals receiving prior dexamethasone treatment. This demonstrates that the ABSE has the ability to be used to effectively conduct ACTH stimulation tests without the need to handle the animals during the test.

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A technique for blood sampling the chicken from the jugular vein

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.86.17.521-a ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 86 (17) ◽

pp. 521-521

Author(s):

D. Christie

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Blood Sampling

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Dried Blood Spot Analysis Suitable for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole, Fluconazole, and Posaconazole

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00707-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 4999-5004 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Kim C. M. van der Elst ◽

Lambert F. R. Span ◽

Kai van Hateren ◽

Karin M. Vermeulen ◽

Tjip S. van der Werf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽

Drug Monitoring ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Dried Blood Spot ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Venous Blood Sampling ◽

Blood Spot

ABSTRACTInvasive aspergillosis and candidemia are important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. The triazoles voriconazole, fluconazole, and posaconazole are widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of these fungal infections. Due to the variability of the pharmacokinetics of the triazoles among and within individual patients, therapeutic drug monitoring is important for optimizing the efficacy and safety of antifungal treatment. A dried blood spot (DBS) analysis was developed and was clinically validated for voriconazole, fluconazole, and posaconazole in 28 patients. Furthermore, a questionnaire was administered to evaluate the patients' opinions of the sampling method. The DBS analytical method showed linearity over the concentration range measured for all triazoles. Results for accuracy and precision were within accepted ranges; samples were stable at room temperature for at least 12 days; and different hematocrit values and blood spot volumes had no significant influence. The ratio of the drug concentration in DBS samples to that in plasma was 1.0 for voriconazole and fluconazole and 0.9 for posaconazole. Sixty percent of the patients preferred DBS analysis as a sampling method; 15% preferred venous blood sampling; and 25% had no preferred method. There was significantly less perception of pain with the DBS sampling method (P= 0.021). In conclusion, DBS analysis is a reliable alternative to venous blood sampling and can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole, fluconazole, and posaconazole. Patients were satisfied with DBS sampling and had less pain than with venous sampling. Most patients preferred DBS sampling to venous blood sampling.

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The effect of blood sampling method on indicators of physiological stress in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Domestic Animal Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.domaniend.2003.07.002 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 87-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

H. Säkkinen ◽

J. Tornbeg ◽

P.J. Goddard ◽

E. Eloranta ◽

E. Ropstad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus

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389. Analysis of Variable Factor in rCBF Measurement Using IMP-SPECT & Arterial Blood Sampling Method

Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology ◽

10.6009/jjrt.kj00003322511 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 1360

Author(s):

Tatsuhiko Ashihara ◽

Tohru Kida ◽

Seiji Wake ◽

Kazuyoshi Kitano ◽

Ryuji Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Arterial Blood Sampling ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Variable Factor ◽

Rcbf Measurement

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Neutrophil retention during a single transit through the pulmonary circulation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1683 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 1683-1685 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. C. Hogg ◽

C. M. Doerschuk ◽

B. Wiggs ◽

D. Minshall

Keyword(s):

Measurement Technique ◽

Pulmonary Circulation ◽

Gamma Camera ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Single Species ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Single Pass ◽

Human Lungs ◽

Pass Through

Our laboratory has previously reported that 70–80% of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are delayed with respect to erythrocytes (RBCs) in a single pass through the lungs of dogs, whereas only 5–15% of PMNs are delayed in a single pass through human lungs. Because these results were obtained using a direct blood sampling method in animals and an indirect gamma camera method in humans, the reported differences could be related to differences in measurement technique. The present study was designed to settle this question by comparing both techniques in a single species. The results show that the gamma camera technique previously used in humans underestimates the retention of PMNs with respect to RBCs during a single pass through the lung. They also show that this problem can be corrected by modifying the analysis of the data obtained using the gamma camera. We conclude that the pulmonary circulation retains PMNs with respect to RBCs to a comparable degree in animals and humans.

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Influence of feeding, blood sampling method and type of anaesthesia on renal function parameters in the normal laboratory rat

Urological Research ◽

10.1007/bf00296879 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 377-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Verbaeys ◽

S. Ringoir ◽

G. Van Maele ◽

N. Lameire

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Laboratory Rat ◽

Normal Laboratory ◽

Type Of Anaesthesia

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A non-surgical jugular catheterization technique for multiple blood sampling in cats

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367703766453029 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 188-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. A. Albarellos ◽

R. R. Bonafine ◽

V. E. Kreil ◽

L. A. Ambros ◽

L. Montoya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽

Blood Withdrawal ◽

Needle Type ◽

Catheterization Technique ◽

Minimal Damage ◽

Multiple Blood ◽

Indwelling Time

In order to perform pharmacokinetic studies involving multiple blood sampling, repeated at variable intervals of time, a simple and reliable non-surgical jugular catheterization technique was developed. Six cats were catheterized 48 times using an indwelling through-the-needle type catheter (22G and 20.3 cm) placed into the jugular vein through an over-the-needle type (20G and 32 mm). Catheters remained in place for 1–13 days (median 3 days) without loss of patency until removal. Each jugular was catheterized a range of 2–6 times, with a total indwelling time of 4–33 days. No clinical signs of phlebitis, thrombosis or sepsis were observed either during or after the studies. This technique allows an easy, non-painful, non-stressful blood withdrawal during extended sampling periods, with minimal damage of the veins.

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