Abstract
Background: Nutritional support affects the growth and development of late preterm infants (LPIs) and also impacts their health in the long term. Though breastmilk is the first choice as a nutrition source for LPIs, there is no consensus on how to provide supplements when breastmilk is unavailable, as well as the quantity to be provided or nutritional strategies to be followed. LPIs may need to wait for a certain period until breastmilk supply is sufficient. Nurses and midwives play an important role in supporting the promotion of breastmilk secretion in the postnatal period. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an educational program for them and test its efficacy. Methods: In this two-group parallel randomized controlled trial, the data were collected between July and April 2019 from nurses and midwives working in obstetrics facilities who were randomly assigned to either the breastfeeding support for LPIs (BSLPI) program or the non-technical skills (NTS) program. The effects of the intervention were assessed immediately before, after, and one month after the program. Results: There were 36 participants in the BSLPI group and 33 in the NTS group. The BSLPI group had significantly higher self-efficacy for providing breastfeeding support immediately after (mean=55.7, SD=8.0, p=.001) and one month after the intervention (mean=57.3, SD=8.6, p=.001) compared to immediately before the intervention (mean=47.8, SD=10.3). The BSLPI group demonstrated significant improvements in social skills in nursing interactions with mothers immediately after the intervention (BSLPI: mean=80.5, SD=110.9 vs. NTC: mean=75.0, SD=9.7, p=.032) and one month later (BSLPI: mean=82.5, SD=10.1 vs. NTC: mean=75.8, SD=9.4, p=.010), as well as in knowledge and skills necessary for breastfeeding support for LPIs immediately after the intervention (BSLPI: mean=84.5, SD=8.3 vs. NTC: mean=48.7, SD=11.9, p=.001) and one month later (BSLPI: mean=79.3, SD=11.3 vs. NTC: mean=51.3, SD=12.6, p=.001). Conclusions: The BSLPI intervention increased nurses’ and midwives’ sense of self-efficacy for providing breastfeeding support, social skills in nursing interactions with mothers, and knowledge and skills necessary for breastfeeding support for LPIs, suggesting that it provided effective support. This trial was retrospectively registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN; R000040145UMIN000035227).