Characterization of radiation damage in 3D printed SiC††This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

2021 ◽  
pp. 153459
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Lach ◽  
Annabelle G. Le Coq ◽  
Kory D. Linton ◽  
Kurt A. Terrani ◽  
Thak Sang Byun
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Sponsored Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Do So

scholarly journals Rapid, parallel identification of pathways for catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Cecil ◽  
Joshua K. Michener
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Public Access ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Sponsored Research ◽  
States Government ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Do So

This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

scholarly journals Characterization of the indoor near-field and far-field aerosol transmission in a model commercial office building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsiang Chien ◽  
Mengdawn Cheng ◽  
Im Piljae ◽  
Kashif Nawaz ◽  
Brian Fricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Access ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Normalized Concentration

AbstractTo simulate the exposure potential of infectious aerosol such as SARS-CoV-2 in an office building setting, experimental studies for airborne particle transmission have been conducted in a model commercial office building at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The synthetic test aerosol particles had diameters similar to that of viral particles, in the nanometer size range of genetic fragments. Thus, the test aerosol provided a realistic representation of SARS-CoV-2 viral particle transmission. The study results, which are still being analyzed carefully at the present, suggest that in a door-closed single room setting, the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system can facilitate aerosol transmission, and 10 measuring points in a single room report the normalized concentration ranged from 0.45 – 0.66. Additionally, at a measuring point 6 feet away from the source, the aerosol concentration can reach a plateau normalized concentration of about 0.6 within 30 minutes. When interior doors were closed, aerosol particle transmission into adjacent rooms occurred through the building HVAC system, at a lower rate compared to the open-door scenario. If the interior doors were open, however, then the transmission into adjacent rooms depends on building indoor air movement and distance from the source. The building HVAC system provided an approximately less than 10% aerosol transmission rate, while transmission through a door opening can add up to 40% of transmission into adjacent rooms from the source location.FootnoteThis manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

scholarly journals Public opinion on coronavirus vaccination 1: A majority of Americans would take the existing Russian vaccine and believe that they ought to be allowed to buy it

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kelley ◽  
MDR Evans ◽  
Charlotte Corday
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Republican Government ◽  
Considerable Period ◽  
New Vaccines ◽  
Do So

In the US new vaccines are banned until shown to be safe and effective. But the approval process is slow and cautious and no vaccine has yet been approved. The faster but perhaps riskier Russian system produced an approved coronavirus vaccine months more quickly, leaving Americans at risk of dying for months longer than Russians. Our data from two national surveys in September show that a majority of Americans would willingly take the existing Russian vaccine and that a two-to-one majority – rich and poor, young and old, Democrat and Republican alike – believe that they ought to be allowed to do so. We estimate that making the Russian vaccine immediately available would save approximately 40 to 100 American lives each day after the first month and many more subsequently, To put the matter bluntly, current US government policy will kill some 40 to 100 people each day for a considerable period later this year and early next. To put those deaths in context, all American murderers combined kill only 45 people each day – not a record the US government should wish to emulate. There are also implications for the 2020 election; Since feelings about the Russian coronavirus vaccine are strongly favorable, and the benefits of allowing it in the US are large, making it available should be attractive politically. The Republican government has the power to adopt that policy and gain the credit. Alternatively, the Democratic opposition has the opportunity to advocate that policy, and claim the credit.

scholarly journals Challenging contingency: Viruses and the nature of molecular life

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Long
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Biological Dynamics ◽  
General Economy

Understandings of the nature or inherent workings of molecular life in the field of biopolitical security studies have today been characterized predominantly in terms of contingency. This article challenges this characterization. It does so by identifying a particular logic of operation that organizes political action and intervention at both the level of the population and the molecular in response to the threats of smallpox, Ebola and pandemic influenza. It argues that, in fact, rather than securing by instantiating a general economy of the contingent, governing practices rely upon the characterization of the nature of molecular life in terms of its constant biological dynamics. Governments around the world, and the US government in particular, have reacted to the increased likelihood of the emergence of disease through the stockpiling of new pharmaceuticals, including the antivirals ST-246, ZMapp and Tamiflu. Antivirals represent a pharmaceutical tool stockpiled by governments to ensure that they can respond to the emergence of novel biological threats. The characterization of the nature of molecular life in terms of its constant biological dynamics is so important, then, as it is this that underpins political programmes of preparedness that utilize antivirals in the prevention of disease.

Countries prepare for ‘active defence’ of space

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arms Control ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Active Defence ◽  
Actual Conflict ◽  
Do So ◽  
Trigger Action

Subject Space as a domain of warfare. Significance The US government has created a Space Force as a new branch of its military. Similar changes are under way in France and Japan. Russia’s test of an anti-satellite missile on April 15 and the ‘shadowing’ of a US satellite by a Russian spacecraft in January highlight the growing military importance of space. Impacts Development of offensive capabilities for space warfare will probably be slow and those who do so will downplay it. Covert Russian and Chinese anti-satellite missiles tests will help make the case for arming the US Space Force as a deterrent. Only a near miss or actual conflict in space is likely to trigger action to reach arms control agreements.

scholarly journals Remembering the Future: Entrepreneurship Guidebooks in the US, from Meditation to Method (1945-1975)

2012 ◽  
pp. 40-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Giraudeau
Keyword(s):  
Business Plan ◽  
The Self ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mental Techniques ◽  
Do So

This paper discusses Foucault’s analyses of the rise of the entrepreneur in the second half of the 20th century. Whereas Foucault based his conclusions on readings of economic theory, we propose here to look at “practical texts,” i.e. entrepreneurship guidebooks, in the way Foucault himself did in his research on antiquity. We also mobilize Foucauldian concepts from his lectures on the “Care of the Self” and the “Hermeneutics of the Subject” to account for our empirical observations. By comparing two series of entrepreneurship guidebooks issued by the US government in the mid-1940s and the late 1950s-1975, we argue that a major shift occurred between these two periods. In the 1940s, the future was supposed to be meditated upon: entrepreneurs were incited to mentally consider the dangers of running a business, and they were given mental techniques, along with basic paper technologies (e.g. checklists), in order to do so. A bit more than a decade later and for the decades to follow, entrepreneurs were told to plan their new businesses thoroughly, and thus to devise their future; they were provided with more advanced paper technologies (accounting technologies and business plan templates). The future was no more an object of meditation: it had become a methodical project.

Priority research directions for in situ data management: Enabling scientific discovery from diverse data sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-427
Author(s):  
Tom Peterka ◽  
Deborah Bard ◽  
Janine C Bennett ◽  
E Wes Bethel ◽  
Ron A Oldfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
Do So

In January 2019, the US Department of Energy, Office of Science program in Advanced Scientific Computing Research, convened a workshop to identify priority research directions (PRDs) for in situ data management (ISDM). A fundamental finding of this workshop is that the methodologies used to manage data among a variety of tasks in situ can be used to facilitate scientific discovery from many different data sources—simulation, experiment, and sensors, for example—and that being able to do so at numerous computing scales will benefit real-time decision-making, design optimization, and data-driven scientific discovery. This article describes six PRDs identified by the workshop, which highlight the components and capabilities needed for ISDM to be successful for a wide variety of applications—making ISDM capabilities more pervasive, controllable, composable, and transparent, with a focus on greater coordination with the software stack and a diversity of fundamentally new data algorithms.

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