The Starvation Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus faecalis in Coexistence with Candida albicans, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces viscosus, or Lactobacillus acidophilus

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Xiaoqiong Jiang ◽  
Dongjia Lin ◽  
Yanhuo Chen ◽  
Zhongchun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Starvation Resistance

scholarly journals Interactions between Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in an Organotypic Oral Epithelial Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Akshaya Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Alex A. Lemus ◽  
Adline Princy Solomon ◽  
Alex M. Valm ◽  
Prasanna Neelakantan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hyphal Formation

Candida albicans as an opportunistic pathogen exploits the host immune system and causes a variety of life-threatening infections. The polymorphic nature of this fungus gives it tremendous advantage to breach mucosal barriers and cause oral and disseminated infections. Similar to C. albicans, Enterococcus faecalis is a major opportunistic pathogen, which is of critical concern in immunocompromised patients. There is increasing evidence that E. faecalis co-exists with C. albicans in the human body in disease samples. While the interactive profiles between these two organisms have been studied on abiotic substrates and mouse models, studies on their interactions on human oral mucosal surfaces are non-existent. Here, for the first time, we comprehensively characterized the interactive profiles between laboratory and clinical isolates of C. albicans (SC5314 and BF1) and E. faecalis (OG1RF and P52S) on an organotypic oral mucosal model. Our results demonstrated that the dual species biofilms resulted in profound surface erosion and significantly increased microbial invasion into mucosal compartments, compared to either species alone. Notably, several genes of C. albicans involved in tissue adhesion, hyphal formation, fungal invasion, and biofilm formation were significantly upregulated in the presence of E. faecalis. By contrast, E. faecalis genes involved in quorum sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, and mammalian cell invasion were downregulated. This study highlights the synergistic cross-kingdom interactions between E. faecalis and C. albicans in mucosal tissue invasion.

scholarly journals Streptococcus gordonii comCDE (competence) operon modulates biofilm formation with Candida albicans

Microbiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison A. Jack ◽  
Debbie E. Daniels ◽  
Mark A. Jepson ◽  
M. Margaret Vickerman ◽  
Richard J. Lamont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii

scholarly journals Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de los dentífricos basados en propóleos en patógenos orales

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Tatiana Cerveira Valois de Sá ◽  
Valerio Monteiro-Neto ◽  
Cadidja Dayane Sousa do Carmo ◽  
Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Claudia Maria Coelho Alves
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans

Introducción y objetivo: La incorporación de propóleos en los dentífricos tiene como objetivo ayudar de manera más efectiva al control y la prevención de patologías orales a través de la eliminación de los patógenos presentes en la biopelícula. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la eficacia antimicrobiana de diferentes productos en el mercado de microorganismos para estas patologías. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la acción antimicrobiana de tres dentífricos que contienen propóleos sobre los patógenos orales. Material y métodos: Se utilizó el método de difusión en agar para analizar tres dentífricos basados en propóleos, que incluyen: Noplak Max®, Protta® y Forever Bright®. Se utilizó un dentífrico sin propóleos (Malvatrikids ®) como control negativo. Los controles positivos fueron 0,2% de clorhexidina diluida adicionalmente al 30% para igualar la concentración de clorhexidina de uno de los dentífricos evaluados, y el extracto de propóleos (Apis Flora®) al 11%. Para la determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana se utilizaron las cepas de Fusobacterium nucleatum y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus y Candida albicans. Resultados: De los dentífricos probados, Protta® y Forever Bright® mostraron acción inhibitoria contra S. mutans, E. faecalis y microorganismos de C. albicans. El dentífrico Noplak® mostró baja actividad antimicrobiana, limitándose a S. mutans y E. faecalis. Cuando hubo un efecto antimicrobiano, los diámetros de los halos de inhibición del crecimiento variaron de 9mm a 28,83mm. Conclusión: El uso de un dentífrico que contiene propóleos para su uso eventual como complemento terapéutico en odontología está justificado, considerando las actividades farmacológicas.

scholarly journals Candida albicans cell wall integrity transcription factors regulate polymicrobial biofilm formation with Streptococcus gordonii

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Chinnici ◽  
Lisa Yerke ◽  
Charlene Tsou ◽  
Sujay Busarajan ◽  
Ryan Mancuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Antibiotic Tolerance ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Knock Out

Polymicrobial biofilms play important roles in oral and systemic infections. The oral plaque bacterium Streptococcus gordonii is known to attach to the hyphal cell wall of the fungus Candida albicans to form corn-cob like structures in biofilms. However, the role of C. albicans in formation of polymicrobial biofilms is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the role of C. albicans transcription factors in regulation of polymicrobial biofilms and antibiotic tolerance of S. gordonii. The proteins secreted by C. albicans and S. gordonii in mixed planktonic cultures were determined using mass spectrometry. Antibiotic tolerance of S. gordonii to ampicillin and erythromycin was determined in mixed cultures and mixed biofilms with C. albicans. Additionally, biofilm formation of S. gordonii with C. albicans knock-out mutants of 45 transcription factors that affect cell wall integrity, filamentous growth and biofilm formation was determined. Furthermore, these mutants were also screened for antibiotic tolerance in mixed biofilms with S. gordonii. Analysis of secreted proteomes resulted in the identification of proteins being secreted exclusively in mixed cultures. Antibiotic testing showed that S. gordonii had significantly increased survival in mixed planktonic cultures with antibiotics as compared to single cultures. C. albicans mutants of transcription factors Sfl2, Brg1, Leu3, Cas5, Cta4, Tec1, Tup1, Rim101 and Efg1 were significantly affected in mixed biofilm formation. Also mixed biofilms of S. gordonii with mutants of C. albicans transcription factors, Tec1 and Sfl2, had significantly reduced antibiotic tolerance as compared to control cultures. Our data indicates that C. albicans may have an important role in mixed biofilm formation as well as antibiotic tolerance of S. gordonii in polymicrobial biofilms. C. albicans may play a facilitating role than being just an innocent bystander in oral biofilms and infections.

scholarly journals Characterization of the mechanism of action of the Enterococcus faecalis bacteriocin EntV on Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Buda De Cesare ◽  
Yasmin Chebaro ◽  
Shantanu Guha ◽  
Melissa Cruz ◽  
Danielle Garsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Hyphal Morphogenesis ◽  
Target Layer ◽  
Further Development

Candida albicans shares communal niches with multiple bacterial species. Previous work from our group demonstrated that the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, a normal constituent of the oral and gut microbiome that is often co-isolated with C. albicans, antagonizes hyphal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and virulence in C. albicans. These effects are mediated by EntV, a bacteriocin and antimicrobial peptide produced by E. faecalis. The main aim of this work is to unveil the molecular mechanism behind the activity of EntV on C. albicans. Using fluorescence microscopy, we determined that EntV binds to the cell walls of several Candida species, including both yeast and hyphae of C. albicans. Contrary to other antimicrobial peptides, it does not cause cell lysis and does not synergize with cell wall damaging agents. Moreover, we screened a library of C. albicans mutants for strains with altered susceptibility to the peptide; most of the positive hits had functions related to cell wall maintenance and were further screened to ascertain changes in the staining patterns. Furthermore, to identify the target layer on the cell wall, pull-down assays were performed. Mannan was identified as the major wall component able to bind the peptide. Finally, live imaging of macrophages incubated with Candida was carried out in order to assess any change in the phagocytic behaviour in presence of the peptide. Identifying the molecular target of EntV in regard to the anti-virulence mechanisms of C. albicans is an important step in its further development as a therapeutic addition to the classical antifungal agents.

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