scholarly journals The role of opioid prescription in incident opioid abuse and dependence

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. S79
Author(s):  
M. Sullivan ◽  
M. Edlund ◽  
B. Martin ◽  
J. Russo ◽  
A. DeVries
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Opioid Prescription

scholarly journals The Role of Opioid Prescription in Incident Opioid Abuse and Dependence Among Individuals with Chronic Non-cancer Pain

2013 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Edlund ◽  
Bradley C. Martin ◽  
Joan E. Russo ◽  
Andrea Devries ◽  
Jennifer Brennan Braden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Opioid Prescription

Opioid abuse-deterrent strategies: role of clinicians in acute pain management

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn R. Webster ◽  
Michael J. Brennan ◽  
Louis M. Kwong ◽  
Richard Levandowski ◽  
Jeffrey A. Gudin
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Acute Pain Management

Current Opioid Prescribing Patterns after Microdirect Laryngoscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly N. Huston ◽  
Rouya Kamizi ◽  
Tanya K. Meyer ◽  
Albert L. Merati ◽  
John Paul Giliberto
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Opioid Analgesia ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Prescribing

Background: The prevalence of opioid abuse has become epidemic in the United States. Microdirect laryngoscopy (MDL) is a common otolaryngological procedure, yet prescribing practices for opioids following this operation are not well characterized. Objective: To characterize current opioid-prescribing patterns among otolaryngologists performing MDL. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of otolaryngologists at a national laryngology meeting. Results: Fifty-eight of 205 physician registrants (response rate 28%) completed the survey. Fifty-nine percent of respondents were fellowship-trained in laryngology. Respondents performed an average of 13.3 MDLs per month. Thirty-four percent of surgeons prescribe opioids for over two-thirds of their MDLs, while only 7% of surgeons never prescribe opioids. Eighty-eight percent of surgeons prescribed a combination opioid and acetaminophen compound, hydrocodone being the most common opioid component. Many surgeons prescribe non-opioid analgesics as well, with 70% and 84% of surgeons recommending acetaminophen and ibuprofen after MDL respectively. When opioids were prescribed, patient preference, difficult exposure and history of opioid use were the most influential patient factors. Concerns of opioid abuse, the physician role in the opioid crisis, and literature about postoperative non-opioid analgesia were also underlying themes in influencing opioid prescription patterns after MDL. Conclusions: In this study, over 90% of practicing physicians surveyed are prescribing opioids after MDL, though many are also prescribing non-opioid analgesia as well. Further studies should be completed to investigate the needs of patients following MDL in order to allow physicians to selectively and appropriately prescribe opioid analgesia postoperatively.

815 Outpatient Opioid Use in Burn Injuries Following Hospital Discharge: A Single Institution Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S246-S247
Author(s):  
Brielle Weinstein ◽  
Dominique Pagnozzi ◽  
Alexa Abitabilo ◽  
Lilla Kis ◽  
Madeline Carney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction There is a growing concern regarding the unprecedented increase in morbidity and mortality related to the use of opioids. Prescription opioid abuse has been increasing dramatically in recent years. Prescription opioids have been shown to be favorable in perioperative management, however, their impact on chronic usage remains unclear. As an effort to help reduce opioid consumption following hospitalization for burn injuries, we look to evaluate the outpatient opioid consumption following hospital discharge at our institution. Methods After IRB approval, we obtained demographics, medical history, inpatient and outpatient opioid usage, treatment, and length of hospital stay of patients admitted with burn injuries who met study inclusion criteria (age ≥ 12 years and no history of opioid abuse prior to hospitalization) from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2018. Data was analyzed using SAS v9.4. Results Our preliminary data included 210 patients with average age of 58 years, 75% non-Hispanic Caucasians and average total burn surface area of 18%. Medical histories observed included: hypertension (40%), diabetes (15%), hyperlipidemia (11%), depression (7%), and bipolar disorder (3%) among many others. 79% of patients had surgical intervention including excision and grafting, of which 32% had autografting procedures. All patients were treated with opioids during hospitalization, which included: fentanyl, hydromorphone, oxycodone-acetaminophen, morphine and oxycodone. 6% of patients had pain management consultation during hospitalization. 79% of patients were discharged with an opioid prescription, of which 21% had their opioid refilled during follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in discharge opioid prescriptions (79% had surgical intervention versus 76% had no surgical intervention, p=0.69) and outpatient opioid prescription refills (17% had surgical intervention versus 17% had no surgical intervention, p=0.99) between patients who had surgical intervention for burn injuries versus those who did not. Conclusions This evaluation shows that there is no statistical difference in opioid usage between patients who had surgical intervention and those who did not for their burn injury treatments. Therefore, prescription opioids may not be necessary in postoperative care following hospital discharge. Applicability of Research to Practice With further research, we hope to evaluate the need for outpatient opioid prescriptions this treatment modality in effort of decreasing the order and use of opioids following hospital discharge in burn patients.

Oral Opioid Use during Vaginal Delivery Hospitalizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 390-397
Author(s):  
Mirella Mourad ◽  
Ruth Landau ◽  
Jason D. Wright ◽  
Zainab Siddiq ◽  
Cassandra R. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Opioid Administration ◽  
Opioid Medications

Objective This study aimed to determine the receipt of short-acting opioid medications during vaginal delivery hospitalizations. Study Design The Perspective database was analyzed to evaluate patterns of short-acting oral opioid use during vaginal delivery hospitalizations from January 2006 to March 2015. Unadjusted and adjusted models evaluating the role of demographic and hospital factors were created evaluating use of opioids. Hospital-level rates of opioid use were evaluated. Opioid receipt among women with opioid abuse or dependence was evaluated based on overall hospital rates of opioid use. Results Of 3,785,396 vaginal delivery hospitalizations from 2006 to 2015, 1,720,899 (45.5%) women received an oral opioid for pain relief. Opioid use varied significantly among the 458 hospitals included in the analysis, with one-third of hospitals providing opioids to <38% of patients, one-third to 38 to <59% of patients, and one-third to ≥59% of patients. When hospitals were stratified by overall opioid administration rates, women with opioid abuse or dependence were less likely to be given opioids in hospitals with low overall opioid rates. Discussion The use of opioid pain medications during vaginal delivery hospitalizations varied significantly among hospitals, suggesting that standardization of pain management practices could reduce opioid use.

Adolescent opioid abuse: Role of glial and neuroimmune mechanisms

2022 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
S. Rahman ◽  
Z.I. Rahman ◽  
P.J. Ronan ◽  
K. Lutfy ◽  
R.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Abuse

scholarly journals Reflections on the role of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain: a shared solution for prescription opioid abuse and pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas ◽  
J. Frascella ◽  
T. Hall ◽  
W. Smith ◽  
W. Compton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

The Opioid Prescription Epidemic and the Role of Emergency Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina J. Poon ◽  
Margaret B. Greenwood-Ericksen
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Opioid Prescription

scholarly journals The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Zaara Liaquat ◽  
Xiaoying Xu ◽  
Prince Last Mudenda Zilundu ◽  
Rao Fu ◽  
Lihua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Neuroprotective Agent ◽  
Neurological Outcomes

Dexmedetomidine, selective α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine, has been widely used clinically for sedation and anesthesia. The role of dexmedetomidine has been an interesting topic of neonatological and anesthetic research since a series of advantages of dexmedetomidine, such as enhancing recovery from surgery, reducing opioid prescription, decreasing sympathetic tone, inhibiting inflammatory reactions, and protecting organs, were reported. Particularly, an increasing number of animal studies have demonstrated that dexmedetomidine ameliorates the neurological outcomes associated with various brain and spinal cord injuries. In addition, a growing number of clinical trials have reported the efficacy of dexmedetomidine for decreasing the rates of postoperative neurological dysfunction, such as delirium and stroke, which strongly highlights the possibility of dexmedetomidine functioning as a neuroprotective agent for future clinical use. Mechanism studies have linked dexmedetomidine’s neuroprotective properties with its modulation of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and synaptic plasticity via the α2-adrenergic receptor, dependently or independently. By reviewing recent advances and preclinical and clinical evidence on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine, we hope to provide a complete understanding of the above mechanism and provide insights into the potential efficacy of this agent in clinical use for patients.

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