Prefrontal activation during executive control is associated with FINA point in competitive swimmers-An event-related potentials study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S82
Author(s):  
H. Doi ◽  
H. Jigami ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
S. Akiba ◽  
K. Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

scholarly journals When Memory Is Not Enough: Electrophysiological Evidence for Goal-dependent Use of Working Memory Representations in Guiding Visual Attention

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2650-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy B. Carlisle ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Representations

Biased competition theory proposes that representations in working memory drive visual attention to select similar inputs. However, behavioral tests of this hypothesis have led to mixed results. These inconsistent findings could be due to the inability of behavioral measures to reliably detect the early, automatic effects on attentional deployment that the memory representations exert. Alternatively, executive mechanisms may govern how working memory representations influence attention based on higher-level goals. In the present study, we tested these hypotheses using the N2pc component of participants' event-related potentials to directly measure the early deployments of covert attention. Participants searched for a target in an array that sometimes contained a memory-matching distractor. In Experiments 1 to 3, we manipulated the difficulty of the target discrimination and the proximity of distractors, but consistently observed that covert attention was deployed to the search targets and not the memory-matching distractors. In Experiment 4, we showed that when participants' goal involved attending to memory-matching items, these items elicited a large and early N2pc. Our findings demonstrate that working memory representations alone are not sufficient to guide early deployments of visual attention to matching inputs and that goal-dependent executive control mediates the interactions between working memory representations and visual attention.

scholarly journals Functional Architecture of Executive Control and Associated Event-Related Potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirsaman Sajad ◽  
Steven Errington ◽  
Jeffrey Schall
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Spiking Neurons ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Goal Maintenance ◽  
Task Goal ◽  
Supplementary Eye Field ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Eye Field

Abstract Medial frontal cortex enables executive control by monitoring relevant information and using it to adapt behavior. In macaques performing a saccade countermanding (stop-signal) task, we recorded EEG over and neural spiking across all layers of the supplementary eye field (SEF). We report the laminar organization of concurrently activated neurons monitoring the conflict between incompatible responses and the timing of events serving goal maintenance and executive control. We also show their relation to coincident event-related potentials (ERP). Neurons signaling response conflict were largely broad-spiking found across all layers. Neurons signaling the interval until specific task events were largely broad-spiking neurons concentrated in L3 and L5. Neurons predicting the duration of control and sustaining the task goal until the release of operant control were a mix of narrow- and broad-spiking neurons confined to L2/3. We complement these results with the first report of a monkey homologue of the N2/P3 ERP complex associated with response inhibition. N2 polarization varied with error likelihood and P3 polarization varied with the duration of expected control. The amplitude of the N2 and P3 were predicted by the spike rate of different classes of neurons located in L2/3 but not L5/6. These findings reveal important, new features of the cortical microcircuitry supporting executive control and producing associated ERP.

Rapid Mental Fatigue Amplifies Age-Related Attentional Deficits

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Wascher ◽  
Stephan Getzmann
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials

Deficient information processing with increasing age has been assigned to reduced efficiency in frontal executive control functions. Dopamine has been assumed to play a central role for this decline. Dopamine, however, is also essential for the maintenance of motivation for a longer period of time and is therefore a core factor for mental fatigue. Combining these two findings, we tested to what degree older adults are more prone to performance loss due to increasing time on task than younger adults. Twelve younger and twelve older participants performed an inhibition of return task for 80 min. Performance declined in the older participants but not in the young. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of the EEG, however, showed distinct changes with time on task primarily for young participants. The dissociation between behavioral and ERP results indicates that changes in ERPs of the young participants could reflect adaptations to the task rather than fatigue. This is evident from very distinct changes of the posterior N1 component in this group. The failing (or rather unspecific) adaptation to the task in older adults might have been a consequence of lacking frontal executive control functions reflected in a massive reduction of the N2 component of the ERP, relative to the young participants.

Executive control is disturbed in schizophrenia: evidence from event-related potentials in a Go/NoGo task

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weisbrod ◽  
Markus Kiefer ◽  
Frank Marzinzik ◽  
Manfred Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

Executive control in obsessive-compulsive disorder: event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruchsow ◽  
K. Reuter ◽  
L. Hermle ◽  
D. Ebert ◽  
M. Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Related Potentials

Executive control deficit in depression: event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task

2003 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kaiser ◽  
Joerg Unger ◽  
Markus Kiefer ◽  
Jaana Markela ◽  
Christoph Mundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

The Effects of 43 Hours of Sleep Deprivation on Executive Control Functions: Event-Related Potentials in a Visual Go/No Go Task

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Lin Qi ◽  
Yong-Cong Shao ◽  
Danmin Miao ◽  
Ming Fan ◽  
Guo-Hua Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Correct Reaction ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The aim of this study was to investigate how 43 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD) influences executive control functions. Forty participants were assigned to either a TSD or a control group (no sleep deprivation; NSD group) and both groups were tested at 2:00am on day 3 (after 43 hours of sleep deprivation for the TSD group). Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were taken using 32 electrodes while a Go/No go task was administered. The amplitude of the N2 was significantly larger on the No-go trials as compared to the Go trials. In the No-go trials, the amplitudes of the No go-N2 and the No go-P3 were smaller in the TSD group than in the control group in terms of prolonged latencies. The mean correct reaction time, number of misses, and the false-alarm rate were also significantly longer and increased in the NSD group. Results indicated that executive control functions were noticeable impaired after 43 hours of sleep deprivation.

The Human Thalamus is Crucially Involved in Executive Control Operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1903-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Marzinzik ◽  
Michael Wahl ◽  
Gerd-Helge Schneider ◽  
Andreas Kupsch ◽  
Gabriel Curio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Human Thalamus ◽  
Task Effect ◽  
Amplitude Fluctuations ◽  
Early Classification ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Deep Brain

The processing of executive control is thought to involve cortical as well as thalamic brain areas. However, the questions of how thalamic structures contribute to the control of behavior and how cortical versus thalamic processing is coordinated remain to be settled. We therefore aimed at specifying respective activations during the performance of a go/no-go task. To this end, an electroencephalogram was recorded simultaneously from scalp and thalamic electrodes in seven patients undergoing deep brain stimulation. Meanwhile, left- or right-directed precues were presented indicating with which index finger a button press should be putatively executed. Thereafter, 2 sec elapsed until a go or no-go stimulus determined if the prepared movement had to be performed or withheld. In fronto-central scalp as well as in thalamic recordings, event-related potentials upon go versus no-go instructions were expressed differentially. This task effect was unrelated to motor processes and emerged significantly prior at thalamic than at scalp level. Amplitude fluctuations of depth and scalp responses showed site- and task-dependent correlations, particularly between thalamic and no-go-related activities at frontal recording sites. We conclude that an early classification of go and no-go instructions is performed already thalamically. It further appears that this information is subsequently utilized by cortical areas engaged in the definite inhibition of the prepared action.

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