Choosing effective solutions in conflict situations taking into account the interests of stakeholders

When choosing effective tactical and strategic decisions by business entities, it is necessary to take into account the interests of stakeholders. From the point of view of increasing competitiveness, the main importance should be given to competitors, as the most important external stakeholders. Competitors have directly opposite interests to the analyzed economic entities and have a negative impact on their activities, therefore, conflict situations arise. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting effective solutions, taking into account the interests of competitors as the most important stakeholders. The proposed methodology can be used in the analysis of systems for various purposes and includes the formation of the goals of the analyzed object, the identification and selection of competitors and the formulation of strategies of the parties to the conflict. The efficiency matrix is formed using the efficiency functions and the antagonism condition of the analyzed objects. The choice of effective solutions is made by choosing the principle of optimality. A special feature of the proposed methodology is the complex application of theories: competition theory, stakeholder theory, and antagonistic game theory. The proposed methodology can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of systems for various purposes: industrial enterprises, commercial organizations, investment projects, research organizations, etc.

Artists, Artworks, Aesthetics, Cognition

Skepticism about neuroaesthetics emerges from a contrast between aesthetic and cognitivist theories of art. Neuroaesthetics represents an aesthetic approach to understanding art. Aesthetic approaches identify the defining features of artworks by their aesthetic features and the affective profile of the experiences they engender. Cognitivist theories, in contrast, define artworks as communicative devices intentionally designed to convey some point, purpose, or meaning. In the article under discussion, the author argues that the conflict between these two views is overblown. He introduces a diagnostic recognition framework for understanding art grounded in a biased competition theory of selective attention. The framework defines artworks as attentional engines intentionally designed to orient perceivers to diagnostic features, including aesthetic features, that carry information about their point, purpose, or meaning. The artistic salience of aesthetic features of a work on this account, consistent with a cognitivist approach, lies in the semantic role they play in the expression of the work’s point, purpose, or meaning.

The historical evolution and enforcement of competition law in Pakistan

The study aims to attempt has been made to highlight competition law in various aspects with reference to Pakistan. The present study gives a detailed account of its origin or historical evolution over time by underscoring legislation's salient characteristics; the research attempts to feature its structure, power, and policies while identifying the challenges faced by the contemporary competition law in Pakistan. The study adopts qualitative data analysis to analyse the respective aims and objectives. The research assessed the regulatory agency's effectiveness as a principal authority to apply competition policies while preventing anti-competitive conduct. The research contents that many sustainability challenges are being faced by competition law in Pakistan and globalized transformation is one of the reasons behind it, it needs to be addressed. The research recommended that there should be an ability to attract professionals and judicial discourse that needs to be based upon sound economic rationale as per competition theory. However, competition law is supposed to prevent anti-competition rituals and practices by nurturing free and fair Competition in the market. It promotes greater Competition in the market by safeguarding customers against inaccurate means adopted by firms.

Stable Coexistence in a Field-Calibrated Individual-Based Model of Mangrove Forest Dynamics Caused by Inter-Specific Crown Plasticity

(1,2) In this theoretical study, we apply MesoFON, a field-calibrated individual-based model of mangrove forest dynamics, and its Lotka–Volterra interpretations to address two questions: (a) Do the dynamics of two identical red mangrove species that compete for light resources and avoid inter-specific competition by lateral crown displacement follow the predictions of classical competition theory or resource competition theory? (b) Which mechanisms drive the dynamics in the presence of inter-specific crown plasticity when local competition is combined with global or with localized seed dispersal? (3) In qualitative support of classical competition theory, the two species can stably coexist within MesoFON. However, the total standing stock at equilibrium matched the carrying capacity of the single species. Therefore, a “non-overyielding” Lotka–Volterra model rather than the classic one approximated best the observed behavior. Mechanistically, inter-specific crown plasticity moved heterospecific trees apart and pushed conspecifics together. Despite local competition, the community exhibited mean-field dynamics with global dispersal. In comparison, localized dispersal slowed down the dynamics by diminishing the strength of intra-/inter-specific competition and their difference due to a restriction in the competitive race to the mean-field that prevails between conspecific clusters. (4) As the outcome in field-calibrated IBMs is mediated by the competition for resources, we conclude that classical competition mechanisms can override those of resource competition, and more species are likely to successfully coexist within communities.

UPDATING THE TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT RECONFIGURATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN PARADIGM OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

Current trends of globalization, digitalization of the economy, the introduction of information technology objectively gradually weaken the material component (traditional factors of labor - land, capital, labor) and, conversely, highlight the importance of the intangible component of competitive positions of economic entities. The study of the evolutionary development of competition theory and establishing the impact of modern technological changes on the content and nature of competition was the basis for substantiating the key provisions of modern theory of network intellectual information information, the content of which is to form hyperconnected intellectual information business systems. introduction of digital technologies, resources, competencies and business platforms provide intensification of intersectoral innovation and production cooperation, increase the speed and volume of information and knowledge, reduce the life cycle of innovation and generally contribute to the generation of dynamic competitiveness. Achieving strategic priorities for development and ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises, taking into account the digitalization of the market of construction works and services requires taking into account the specifics of innovation. The essential and substantive characteristics of the concept of "innovative convergence" are revealed, innovative incentives, motives, interests and tools of its implementation are established, which will create conditions for production at the enterprises of the branch with the use of BIM-technologies. Theoretical and methodological approaches to modeling the information technology architecture of the organization are proposed. Theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the formal features of an innovative organization in the context of the digital economy have been developed. The influence of intellectual potential and innovation culture on the innovative development of the organization in the digital economy is determined. The factors that generate in management information and identify the conditions that promote (hinder) the implementation of innovations are systematized.

Theory in closer contact with industrial life: American institutional economists on competition theory and policy

This paper investigates the views on competition theory and policy of the American institutional economists during the first half of the 20th century. These perspectives contrasted with those of contemporary neoclassical and later mainstream economic approaches. We identify three distinct dimensions to an institutionalist perspective on competition. First, institutionalist approaches focused on describing industry details, so as to bring theory into closer contact with reality. Second, institutionalists emphasized that while competition was sometimes beneficial, it could also be disruptive. Third, institutionalists had a broad view of the objectives of competition policy that extended beyond effects on consumer welfare. Consequently, institutionalists advocated for a wide range of policies to enhance competition, including industrial self-regulation, broad stakeholder representation within corporations, and direct governmental regulations. Their experimental attitude implied that policy would always be evolving, and antitrust enforcement might be only one stage in the development toward a regime of industrial regulation.

The Influence of Career Plateau on Knowledge Hiding of Knowledge Workers

This study takes the cognitive-affective system theory of personality as the whole logic, integrates resource preservation theory and cooperation and competition theory to investigate the influence mechanism of Career Plateau on knowledge workers' knowledge hiding. The results show that career plateau (including its three dimensions：hierarchical plateau, work content plateau and inclusive plateau) has a significant positive impact on status anxiety and knowledge hiding of knowledge workers, and status anxiety plays a complete mediating effect between career plateau (including hierarchical plateau, work content plateau and inclusive plateau) and knowledge hiding of knowledge workers. Cooperative goal dependence positively moderates the relationship between hierarchical plateau and status anxiety, and negatively regulates the relationship between work content plateau and status anxiety. In addition, cooperative goal dependence positively moderates the indirect effect of hierarchical plateau on the knowledge workers' knowledge hiding through status anxiety, and negatively moderates the indirect effect of work content plateau on the knowledge workers' knowledge hiding through status anxiety. The results of this paper provide theoretical support and management enlightenment for further exploring the mechanism of career plateau and knowledge hiding in Chinese enterprises.

An Integration of Neoclassical Growth Theory and Economic Structural Change with Monopolistic Competition Theory

Wealth accumulation is a deterministic factor mechanism of national economic growth. Neoclassical growth theory is basically concerned with capital and wealth accumulation in perfectly competitive market. Global markets are characterized by a great variety of markets. Nevertheless, there only a few rigorous models of wealth accumulation with other types of markets within neoclassical growth framework. This study attempts to contribute literature of economic growth by introducing monopolistic competition and monopoly into neoclassical growth theory. The model is based on a few well-established economic theories. The model is constructed within framework of the Solow-Uzawa two-sector neoclassical growth model. The description of to monopolistic competition is influenced by the Dixit-Stiglitz model of monopolistic competition. The modelling of monopoly is based on monopoly theory. We model behavior of the household with Zhang’s utility function and concepts of current income and disposable income. The unique contribution of this research is to integrate these theories in a comprehensive framework. We construct the basic model and then analyze properties of the model. The existence of a unique equilibrium point is identified by simulation. The effects of changes in some parameters comparative static analyses in some parameters.