Longitudinal Effects of Social Network Changes on Drinking Outcomes for Individuals with a First-Time DUI

Residents in US cities are exposed to high levels of stress and violent crime. At the same time, a number of cities have put forward “greening” efforts which may promote nature’s calming effects and reduce stressful stimuli. Previous research has shown that greening may lower aggressive behaviors and violent crime. In this study we examined, for the first time, the longitudinal effects over a 30-year period of average city greenness on homicide rates across 290 major cities in the US, using multilevel linear growth curve modeling. Overall, homicide rates in US cities decreased over this time-period (52.1–33.5 per 100,000 population) while the average greenness increased slightly (0.41–0.43 NDVI). Change in average city greenness was negatively associated with homicide, controlling for a range of variables (β = −.30, p-value = .02). The results of this study suggest that efforts to increase urban greenness may have small but significant violence-reduction benefits.

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CONSENSUAL GAMES IN NETWORK WARS AND THE IMPLANT PHENOMENON

Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения ◽

10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-4-393-399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 393-399

Author(s):

E.V. Bakshutova

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Social Issues ◽

Online Discussions ◽

Expert Assessment ◽

Research Experience ◽

The Social ◽

Russian President ◽

First Time ◽

Medicine Education

This article summarizes the author's research experience in 2018-2020 on the possibility of script implantation in online discussions of an aggressive nature to prevent their destructive impact on personality and social consent. At this stage, script implantation is conceptualized by us as network peacekeeping to reduce the level of aggression in communications. The work analyzes how peacemaking is presented in scientific literature of various directions - military, philosophical, political science, conflictological, and it is revealed that the psychological aspects of peacekeeping are of increasing interest, since the practice of peacekeeping is fraught with many problems. Moreover, the practice of network peacemaking as work with language and group sociocognitive psychology is offered for the first time. The study was conducted in 2018-2020 in the Russian-speaking sector of the social network Facebook. It is shown that the analysis of 5022 comments in 2018, 2458 - in 2019, 3139 - in 2020 allows identifying such trigger topics of online discussions as “It is good or bad to be Russian”, “President of Russia”, “Ukraine”, “Protests”. Social issues: the problems of pensioners, childhood, medicine, education - are discussed, but with less intensity. Summarizing the experience of search experiments, the author shows in which categories and subcategories such phenomena as collective fears, resentment, aggression, separatism and terrorism are represented. Work on creating script templates for networked peacekeeping is noted. An expert assessment of the selected texts allows us to assert that the management of triggered discussions is possible. The research is financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project no. 18-013-00171 А.

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A method of hidden messages embedding in graphlike structures of a social network

Вычислительные технологии ◽

10.25743/ict.2018.23.12758 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

И.В. Нечта

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Network ◽

Main Idea ◽

The Other ◽

Secret Message ◽

Automatic Registration ◽

Connected Component ◽

Single Node ◽

Empty Container ◽

First Time

Предложен новый метод передачи скрытых сообщений в социальных сетях на примере сети “Вконтакте”, позволяющий через структуру графа друзей пользователя внедрять секретные сообщения. Получены количественные оценки объема внедряемого сообщения в графы различного размера. Показана необходимость добавления избыточности во внедряемое сообщение. Представленный метод позволяет использовать другие графоподобные структуры социальной сети для внедрения скрытых сообщений. Purpose. This article addresses the construction of a new method for transmission of hidden messages in social networks. Methodology. The research employs methods of information theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics The Shannon entropy is used as the statistics for the analysis of an embedded message. Findings. The author proposed using the graphical structures of social networks as a container for the secret message transmission for the first time. As an example, the popular Vkontakte network is considered. The main idea of the method involves using the structure of the user’s friends graph to embed a secret message. Based on the available vertices (friends’ accounts), a complete graph is constructed, and its edges are enumerated. Each edge of the graph corresponds to one bit of the message being embedded: the bit is “1”, if the edge is present in the graph (one account in friends of the other), the bit is “0” if the edge is missing. To transfer the graph from one person to another, a key vertex is used. The specified vertex is connected by an edge with each connected component of the graph, which allows the graph to be transmitted using a single node and take into account all the vertices (including isolated ones). When retrieving a message, the key vertex and the edges connected to it are not considered. Conclusions. During the experimental research, it was shown that messages extracted from an empty container differ from the encrypted message by the probability distribution of bits. The necessity of adding redundancy to transmitted secret messages is shown with the purpose of “leveling” the statistical properties of an empty and filled container. The results of the experiment have showed that this method of steganography allows embedding a large amount of information into various social network structures represented in the form of a graph. It was noted in the paper that potentially “narrow” place of the algorithm is registration of new accounts. The restrictions imposed by the administration of some social networks for security purposes do not always allow automatic registration of new accounts, which makes the process of message embedding more difficult.

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Longitudinal effects of transitioning into a first-time leadership position on wellbeing and self-concept.

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/ocp0000302 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keaton A. Fletcher ◽

Kimberly A. French

Keyword(s):

Self Concept ◽

Leadership Position ◽

Longitudinal Effects ◽

First Time

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Assessoria de Imprensa no Twitter: O que levou o “partido do twitter” a sentar-se na Assembleia da República

Prisma Com ◽

10.21747/16463153/43a4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 83-99

Author(s):

Sara Serapicos Passeira ◽

Margarida Curralo Cruz ◽

Mariana Pereira Ribeiro ◽

Luanna Mendes de Castro Silva

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Political Party ◽

The Media ◽

The Republic ◽

First Time

Recognized as a political party in 2017, “Iniciativa Liberal” was created with the aim of “bringing all Portuguese liberals together”. It started small, and it remains small, but gradually it has been gaining the recognition of other parties and in 2019 it got, for the first time ever, a seat in the Assembly of the Republic. By leading newspapers it was considered “The Twitter Party” for its distinctive and strong presence on this social network. The main goals of this study consisted in making an objective approach to the characteristics and motivations behind the unique choice of discourse the party utilized on the platform and in observing its effects as well through methods which revealed their following success or unsuccess, not only internally, near the users themselves, but also externally with mentions in the media.

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Social Network Characteristics Impact Long-Term Drinking Outcomes

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e610022012-015 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

R. L. Stout ◽

J. F. Kelly ◽

M. Magill ◽

M. E. Pagano

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Network Characteristics ◽

Drinking Outcomes

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First-Time Mothers: For Vaccine Questions, Consult Your Peers on Facebook

Journal of Communication Technology - Special Issue of Communication Technology and Well-Being (Part 2) ◽

10.51548/joctec-2019-003 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda Bradshaw

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Health Information ◽

Information Seeking ◽

Transition To Parenthood ◽

The United States ◽

Health Information Seeking ◽

First Time Mothers ◽

Childhood Vaccine ◽

First Time

Despite numerous scientific studies affirming the safety and efficacy of vaccinations, decreased parental uptake has led in part to disease resurgence in the United States (Ventola, 2016). A systematic review of 42 studies revealed that exemption rates for vaccination requirements to enter public schools or daycares have been increasing and occur in geographic“clusters,” where vaccination rates fall dangerously below the national average (Wang, Clymer, Davis-Hayes, & Buttenheim, 2014). At the transition to parenthood, mothers rely on Facebook with increased intensity for health information-seeking purposes. In a rejection of the health information deficit model, the purpose of this study was to propose a conceptual model which describes how first-time mothers’ dependence on Facebook may lead to childhood vaccine avoidance, in accordance with social network theory. A model is presented and propositions are offered to explain why discerning first-time mothers, who are consistently more vaccine hesitant, may seek and rely on information from peers in closed Facebook groups rather than from health professionals. While research has separately explored both vaccine hesitancy and social network utilization for health information seeking, no conceptual model to date has linked these concepts with first-time mothers’ childhood vaccine avoidance. Published research supports the constructs included in the proposed causal pathway, and this “Maternal Facebook Dependence-Childhood Vaccine Avoidance Model” will act as a springboard for advancement in operationalization of this complex relational construct.

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Commentary

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics ◽

10.1017/s0963180199243150 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 377-378

Author(s):

Robert Gatter

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Social Factors ◽

Waiting List ◽

Turn On ◽

Transplant Failure ◽

The Difference ◽

Attending Physicians ◽

First Time

This case is not about whether retransplant candidates should receive organs over first-time candidates, or whether risks of transplant failure from psychological or social factors are relevant to allocating organs. Rather, it concerns only this patient's qualifications to wait for a kidney transplant. Should the patient's prior transplants, noncompliance, and poor social network exclude her even from the waiting list? Do attending physicians inappropriately favor their patients over all others in need of transplants just by listing them? The answers turn on the difference between identifying a transplant need and allocating an organ.

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