Distribution of and association between the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in maize stores

The maize weevil (MW) (Sitophilus zeamais), and the larger grain borer (LGB) (Prostephanus truncatus) are major storage pests causing serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries of Latin America (LA). This study identified maize landraces with high levels of resistance to MW and LGB by screening 1171 genotypes collected from 24 LA countries in 38 sampling areas. Maize grain weight losses (GWL), total dust production (TDP) and number of adult progeny (NAP) were measured for LGB and MW attack in each genotype. Susceptibility traits to MW and LGB were related to specific geographical location. Range of resistance for MW was from 0.6 to 51 %, while for LGB from 0.1 to 66 %. Approximately 28 % of the analyzed genotypes showed high level of resistance to MW, with Antilles region offering the most resistant accessions with races of EarCar, Chande, Haitye, Nal-Tel, Tuson, and Canill. Resistance to LGB was observed in 22 % of genotypes analyzed with accessions from Southern México with races of Cónico, Nal-Tel, Vandeño, Elotes Occidentales, Cubano, Tuxpeño, and Tepecintle. Low correlation (r = 0.28; P < 0.01) between maize resistance to MW and LGB indicated a divergent adaptive response of maize grain to these two pest. Geographic data showed a negative correlation between latitude and longitude with MW resistance traits being significant only for longitude (r = -0.253; P < 0.05). Opposite trend of correlations, positive but not significant, was observed for LGB resistance traits. These results indicate an influence of geographic location in local varieties being selected for storage pest resistance over time. Genotypes with excellent postharvest insect resistance have now been identified for maize breeders to use in developing improved cultivars for use in LA.The maize weevil (MW) (Sitophilus zeamais), and the larger grain borer (LGB) (Prostephanus truncatus) are major storage pests causing serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries of Latin America (LA). This study identified maize landraces with high levels of resistance to MW and LGB by screening 1171 genotypes collected from 24 LA countries in 38 sampling areas. Maize grain weight losses (GWL), total dust production (TDP) and number of adult progeny (NAP) were measured for LGB and MW attack in each genotype. Susceptibility traits to MW and LGB were related to specific geographical location. Range of resistance for MW was from 0.6 to 51 %, while for LGB from 0.1 to 66 %. Approximately 28 % of the analyzed genotypes showed high level of resistance to MW, with Antilles region offering the most resistant accessions with races of EarCar, Chande, Haitye, Nal-Tel, Tuson, and Canill. Resistance to LGB was observed in 22 % of genotypes analyzed with accessions from Southern México with races of Cónico, Nal-Tel, Vandeño, Elotes Occidentales, Cubano, Tuxpeño, and Tepecintle. Low correlation (r = 0.28; P < 0.01) between maize resistance to MW and LGB indicated a divergent adaptive response of maize grain to these two pest. Geographic data showed a negative correlation between latitude and longitude with MW resistance traits being significant only for longitude (r = -0.253; P < 0.05). Opposite trend of correlations, positive but not significant, was observed for LGB resistance traits. These results indicate an influence of geographic location in local varieties being selected for storage pest resistance over time. Genotypes with excellent postharvest insect resistance have now been identified for maize breeders to use in developing improved cultivars for use in LA.

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Efficacy of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Neorautanenia mitis and Gnidia kraussiana against Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncatus Horn) and Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamays Motschulsky) on Maize (Zea mays L.) Grain Seeds

Journal of Entomology ◽

10.3923/je.2011.81.87 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 81-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L.S. Mulungu ◽

B. Ndilahomba ◽

C.J. Nyange ◽

M.W. Mwatawala ◽

J.K. Mwalilino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Prostephanus Truncatus ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Larger Grain Borer ◽

Chrysanthemum Cinerariaefolium

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Resistance of Some Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) to Damage by Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Nigeria Journal of Entomology ◽

10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 45-59

Author(s):

T. J Adebowale ◽

A. A Osipitan

Keyword(s):

Adult Mortality ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Control Measures ◽

Prostephanus Truncatus ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Grain Damage ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Grain Dust ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Moderately Resistant

Damage to stored maize grains by Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus is enormous and could be total if the insects are not controlled timely and appropriately. Control of the insects with host plant resistance has advantages over other control measures because of its lasting effect, friendliness to the environment and safety to natural enemies among others. This study assessed host resistance of 11 maize varieties to infestation and damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus. One hundred gram maize grains each of the maize varieties were weighed into 250 cm3 glass jars and separately infested with twenty, 1-5 days old S. zeamais or P. truncatus. Percentage grain damage, weight loss, adult mortality, grain dust and number of insects were determined and integrated to define the resistance of the maize varieties to the insects. Eight of the 11 maize varieties were either resistant or moderately resistant to damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus, while three were susceptible. The basis of resistance is antibiosis conferred by the ash, carbohydrate and fat content of the maize grains. The resistance varieties could be planted to mitigate infestation and damage by the insects. The factors conferring resistance can be used as environmentally friendly source of resistance to breed maize grains for resistance to the insects.

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Temperature-Mediated Competition Between the Invasive Larger Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and the Cosmopolitan Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 255-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hannah Quellhorst ◽

Christos G Athanassiou ◽

Alexander Bruce ◽

Erin D Scully ◽

William R Morrison

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Competition ◽

Single Species ◽

Prostephanus Truncatus ◽

Mold Growth ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Maize Production ◽

Larger Grain Borer ◽

Grain Damage ◽

The Impact

Abstract Interspecific competition between agricultural pests may affect the species that can establish, and may also affect food production. Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), the larger grain borer, is endemic to Central America, but invaded Africa with disastrous consequences for maize production. Its main competitor is Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the maize weevil, which is cosmopolitan. These insects co-occur in many regions of the world and both are threats to maize. However, the impact of competition between these two species is not well-understood, nor is its effect on grain quality or potential to limit P. truncatus invasion in new areas. The aims of our study were to evaluate the outcome of interspecific competition between P. truncatus and S. zeamais at four different temperatures on a fixed quantity of grain, and determine effects on progeny production, grain damage, and mold growth. We found that coexistence may be possible at a range of 25–30°C, but mixed colonies experienced a direct competitive cost compared to single-species colonies. Prostephanus truncatus performed better at warmer temperatures, while S. zeamais favored cooler temperatures. The majority of grain damage was the result of P. truncatus activity as opposed to S. zeamais. Finally, mold growth was greater where both species were present, and species of mold that produce aflatoxin were identified. Although there are an increasing number of areas where both of these species occur, our results suggest P. truncatus will be capable of destroying much more maize in a shorter period compared to S. zeamais at temperatures greater than 25°C.

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Efficacy evaluation of common botanicals to manage maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais M) in laboratory condition

Farming and Management ◽

10.31830/2456-8724.2018.0002.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Condition ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Efficacy Evaluation ◽

Maize Weevil

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Biopesticidal Extractives and Compounds from Warburgia ugandensis against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315505666150916000539 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 236-243

Author(s):

Sylvia A. Opiyo ◽

Lawrence O. A. Manguro ◽

Dorothy A. Okoth ◽

Anjeline A. Ochung ◽

Charles O. Ochieng

Keyword(s):

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Maize Weevil

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Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12060532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 532

Author(s):

William R. Patiño-Bayona ◽

Leidy J. Nagles Galeano ◽

Jenifer J. Bustos Cortes ◽

Wilman A. Delgado Ávila ◽

Eddy Herrera Daza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Stored Products ◽

Collateral Damage ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Active Constituents ◽

Insect Mortality ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Chemical control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) has been ineffective and presents serious collateral damage. Among plant-derived insecticides, essential oils (EOs) are suitable candidates to control this stored products pest. In this work, the insecticidal activities of 45 natural EOs against S. zeamais adults were screened, and the most promising ones (24 EOs) were characterized by GC–MS. The repellent and toxic effects (contact and fumigant) of these 24 EOs were determined, and by a cluster analysis they were classified into two groups considering its fumigant activity and contact toxicity. For the EOs with the highest fumigant potential (14 oils) and their main active constituents (17 compounds), lethal concentrations were determined. The most active EOs were those obtained from L. stoechas and L. alba, with LC50 values of 303.4 and 254.1 µL/L air and characterized by a high content of monoterpenes. Regarding the major compounds, the oxygenated monoterpenes R-(+)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.580 mg/L air), S-(-)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.971 mg/L air) and R-(-)-carvone (LC50 = 1.423 mg/L air) were the most active, as few variations in their concentrations significantly increased insect mortality.

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