scholarly journals Temperature-Mediated Competition Between the Invasive Larger Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and the Cosmopolitan Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Quellhorst ◽  
Christos G Athanassiou ◽  
Alexander Bruce ◽  
Erin D Scully ◽  
William R Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Larger Grain Borer ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Interspecific competition between agricultural pests may affect the species that can establish, and may also affect food production. Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), the larger grain borer, is endemic to Central America, but invaded Africa with disastrous consequences for maize production. Its main competitor is Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the maize weevil, which is cosmopolitan. These insects co-occur in many regions of the world and both are threats to maize. However, the impact of competition between these two species is not well-understood, nor is its effect on grain quality or potential to limit P. truncatus invasion in new areas. The aims of our study were to evaluate the outcome of interspecific competition between P. truncatus and S. zeamais at four different temperatures on a fixed quantity of grain, and determine effects on progeny production, grain damage, and mold growth. We found that coexistence may be possible at a range of 25–30°C, but mixed colonies experienced a direct competitive cost compared to single-species colonies. Prostephanus truncatus performed better at warmer temperatures, while S. zeamais favored cooler temperatures. The majority of grain damage was the result of P. truncatus activity as opposed to S. zeamais. Finally, mold growth was greater where both species were present, and species of mold that produce aflatoxin were identified. Although there are an increasing number of areas where both of these species occur, our results suggest P. truncatus will be capable of destroying much more maize in a shorter period compared to S. zeamais at temperatures greater than 25°C.

Efficacy of different hermetic bag storage technologies against insect pests and aflatoxin incidence in stored maize grain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimondo Mutambuki ◽  
Paddy Likhayo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Aflatoxin Level ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Storage Technologies

Abstract The performance of six grain storage technologies for the control of insect pests in maize was evaluated over a 36-week (9-month) storage period. The six technologies used were: two ZeroFly® hermetic bag brands (laminated and non-laminated); Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag; non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag; woven polypropylene (PP) bag containing maize grain treated with Actellic Gold® Dust (pirimiphos-methyl 1.6% + thiamethoxam 0.3%) and woven PP bag containing untreated grain. Each bag was filled with 50 kg maize grain and four replicates of each were set up. With the exception of the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag, 50 live adults of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus and of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, were introduced into all the bags. Insects were not introduced into the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag to assess its effectiveness in repelling infestation from outside. Parameters recorded were gas composition (oxygen and carbon dioxide) levels inside the bags; weight of flour generated by insect feeding activities; grain moisture level; live adult insect counts; grain damage and weight loss; grain germination rate and aflatoxin level. At termination, the plastic liners of the hermetic bags were examined for perforations. Results show that oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide evolution were faster in ZeroFly® hermetic compared to PICS bags. Throughout the 36-week storage trial, grain damage remained below 4% and weight loss below 3% in all the treatments except in the untreated PP bags in which it increased to 81.1 and 25.5%, respectively. The hermetic PICS, ZeroFly® and Actellic Gold dust-treated PP bags maintained grain germination at 60%, which was lower than the initial 90%, while in untreated control, it reduced to 4.7%. The mean aflatoxin levels fluctuated between 0.39 and 3.56 parts per billion (ppb) during 24 weeks of storage in all the technologies tested, which is below the acceptable maximum level of 10 ppb in maize. Based on the evaluation results, it can be concluded that hermetic PICS and ZeroFly® bags and woven PP bag with Actellic Gold dust-treated grain effectively protected stored maize grain from insect attack and weight losses. Appropriate strategies and mechanisms for the effective and efficient adoption of hermetic storage bag technology at scale would contribute towards global food security.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on three different food hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
B.T Sadiku ◽  
K.A Kemabonta ◽  
W.A Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Larger Grain Borer ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The reproductive performance, damage and weight loss of the Larger Grain Borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on three food hosts namely cassava (TMS 30572, TME 419 and TMS98/0505), maize (SUWAN-1-SR-Y, BR 9943-DMR-SR and 2009 TZEWDT STR) and wood (Albizia glaberrima, Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis) were investigated. Samples of 100g of the food host were weighed in four replicates into 250ml Kilner® jar and infested with 10 pairs of 1-5 day old LGB. The developmental period of LGB on each of the food host was noted and recorded. Similarly, weight loss and weight of damaged grains was determined as basis for determining the susceptibility of the food hosts to LGB infestation. Proximate composition of infested and un- infested food hosts of LGB were determined following the analytical procedures. Maize was the most preferred host, followed by cassava as indicated by the high number of adult LGB and grain damage recorded on them. The development of LGB was completed on all maize and cassava varieties but not on any of the wood species examined. Percent damage, weight loss, and percent dust were significantly (P<0.05) different among the food hosts. The mean percent damage (79.0), percent weight loss (57.0) and percent dust (25.0) recorded in cassava variety-TMS30572 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than on other food hosts. No weight loss was recorded on T. grandis. This study revealed the ability of P. truncatus to breed and feed on the maize and cassava varieties with no evidence of breeding on the three wood species. Carbohydrate contents were higher in the most preferred food host, maize (70.91) and less preferred food, cassava (82.02) than non-preferred wood species (13.56), indicating that carbohydrate was an essential component in most preferred food. Infestation of LGB caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the nutritional component of the food hosts. This study showed that LGB still remains an economically important insect pest of maize and cassava. Considering the importance of these two crops to the livelihood of smallholder farmers, appropriate monitoring and control measures should therefore be put in place to safe guard maize and cassava from the ravages of this pest for the attendant enhancement of food security in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Purdue Improved Crop Storage Triple Layer Hermetic Storage Bag against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimondo Mutambuki ◽  
Hippolyte Affognon ◽  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Dieudonne Baributsa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Jute Bags

Hermetic technologies are being promoted in Africa as safer and more effective methods of grain storage on smallholder farms. However, farmers and policy makers lack knowledge of their efficacy in controlling major stored grain pests. An on-station study was conducted to evaluate the triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) airtight bags against two major storage insect pests. Two sets each of PICS, jute and polypropylene bags were filled with 50 kg maize grain per bag. Each set was replicated four times. One set of PICS bags was each infested with 50 insects each of the larger grain borer P. truncatus and the maize weevil S. zeamais; while the other set was not. One set of jute and polypropylene woven bags was treated with a cocktail of 1.6% Pirimiphos methyl and 0.3% Permethrin, serving as positive controls; while the remaining sets with untreated maize grain formed negative controls. Gas analysis in the PICS bags followed the expected trend with oxygen levels falling sharply below 10% and carbon dioxide increasing to almost 10% after 12 weeks hence resulting in insect death. After 16 weeks, increase in oxygen levels may be attributed to perforation of the bags from outside by the P. truncatus. Results showed that PICS bags were significantly (P < 0.05) superior to treated and untreated controls of polypropylene and jute bags in suppressing insect development, maize grain damage and weight loss during storage. Weight loss in polypropylene and jute bags reached 40% and 41%, respectively, at 24 weeks after storage compared to PICS (2.4–2.9%). These results demonstrate that PICS bags can be used to store maize against P. truncatus and S. zeamais attack.

scholarly journals Propolis Production by Honey Bee Apis Mellifera (hymenoptera: Apidae) and its Potential for the Management of the Larger Grain Borer Prostephanus Truncatus (Horn) (coleoptera: Bostrichidae) On Maize Grains

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Osipitan Adedoyin ◽  
Ogunbanwo Ayotunde ◽  
Adeleye Gbotemi ◽  
Adekanmbi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Larger Grain Borer ◽  
Weight Loss Percentage ◽  
Grain Damage

Propolis Production by Honey BeeApis Mellifera(hymenoptera: Apidae) and its Potential for the Management of the Larger Grain BorerProstephanus Truncatus(Horn) (coleoptera: Bostrichidae) On Maize GrainsThe aim of the study was to evaluate a possibility of propolis production by honey beeApis mellifera(Horn) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and its potential for the management of the larger grain borer (LGB)Prostephanus truncatus(Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on maize grains. Bee propolis was collected from hives kept on the field for twelve months; they were thereafter diluted with ethanol to obtain 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations. 5 ml each of the concentrations was applied to 150 g clean maize grains infested with 10 pairs of 1-5 days old LGB in 250 cm3Kilner jars. The control jars were treated with ethanol. At 90 days post-infestation, data were collected on percentage of weight loss, percentage of grain damage, weight of frass generated (g), number of pupae, larvae and adult LGB. The results indicated that monthly propolis yield was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the period of honey flow (December-March) relative to other periods. Propolis at all the concentrations tested reduced the population of LGB in propolis-treated maize grains relative to non-propolis treated-ones. The highest effects of propolis was shown at the highest concentration of 20% and it was significantly (p < 0.05) different from its effects at other concentrations. Bee propolis may be integrated with other ecological friendly control methods to manage LGB infestation in maize.

Biological control of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Kenya using a predatory beetle Teretrius nigrescens(Coleoptera: Histeridae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Hill ◽  
F.L.O. Nang'ayo ◽  
D.J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Larger Grain Borer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Rains ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe establishment of the predatory histerid beetle, Teretrius nigrescens Lewis, following its field release in south eastern Kenya in 1992, and its impact on populations of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), in woodland habitats is evaluated. Pheromone trap catch data show a single strong peak of P. truncatus from November to January, coincident with the short rains. Comparisons of P. truncatus pheromone trap catches before and after predator establishment, and in areas with and without T. nigrescens, show a sustained decline of over 80% in P. truncatus abundance over a 5-year period, following the establishment T. nigrescens. Concurrent laboratory studies of the impact of T. nigrescens on populations of P. truncatus raised on a wood substrate showed a 77% reduction in the growth of the pest population. These results are compared with published findings of the impact of T. nigrescens as a biological control agent of P. truncatus in west Africa.

scholarly journals Effect of Sealing Method and Lighting Candle in Metal Silos on Survival of the Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus Truncatus, in Stored Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimani Anne ◽  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Olubayo Florence ◽  
Kilalo Dora
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Larger Grain Borer ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Co2 Level

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sealing methods, grain volume and lighting candle in metal silo for the control of Prostephanus truncatus in stored maize. Metal silos with 100 kilograms holding capacity were loaded with 90 kilograms of grain, in-let and out-let were covered with lids and sealed either with rubber band, grease, rubber band combined with grease and lid without sealing (control). The control suffered highest grain damage of 6.6% and weight loss of 1.9% compared to metal silo sealed using rubber band combined with grease which had grain damage 4.5% and weight loss 0.6%, thirty-five days after storage. Metal silo sealed with rubber band combined with grease had significantly higher CO2 level of 2.1% v/v than the control 0.5% v/v. In a separate experiment, metal silos with: 90 kilograms of grain, with and without lighted candle; 45 kilograms of grain, with and without lighted candle and a polypropylene bag with 90 kilograms of grain were compared. Ninety days after storage, grain stored in all metal silos regardless of grain volume and candle lighting suffered the least weight loss 0.2% to 1.1%, and damage 4.1% to 10.5% compared to grain in polypropylene bags which had the highest loss 7.3% to 25.3% and damage, 28.9% to 37.5%. All metal silos irrespective of grain volume and candle lighting during storage had 100% insect mortality while in control the number of live P. truncatus increased from 100 to 1786, ninety days after storage.  Proper sealing of metal silo with either rubber band or grease and use of lighted candle effectively controlled P. truncatus in stored maize irrespective of grain volume.

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